1. Management:

   • The process of planning, organizing, and controlling resources to achieve organizational goals.

2. Management Style:

   • The approach and behavior of a manager in leading and guiding their team.

3. Autocratic Management:

   • A style where the manager makes decisions without consulting the team, maintaining strict control.

4. Democratic Management:

   • A style that encourages team participation in decision-making and values input from all members.

5. Laissez-faire Management:

   • A hands-off style where the manager provides minimal guidance, allowing the team to self-govern.

6. Transformational Leadership:

   • A management style that inspires and motivates employees to achieve exceptional performance.

7. Transactional Leadership:

   • A style that focuses on rewarding employees for meeting predetermined goals and targets.

8. Servant Leadership:

   • A style where the manager prioritizes the needs of their team and supports their growth and development.

9. Charismatic Leadership:

   • A management style where the leader uses their charm and personality to influence and inspire others.

10. Bureaucratic Management:

    • A style characterized by strict adherence to rules and procedures.

11. Strategic Management:

    • A style that involves long-term planning and decision-making to achieve organizational objectives.

12. Situational Leadership:

    • A flexible style where the manager adapts their approach based on the specific situation and the team's needs.

13. Team-Oriented Leadership:

    • A style that emphasizes collaboration and teamwork among employees.

14. Results-Oriented Leadership:

    • A focus on achieving measurable outcomes and goals.

15. People-Oriented Leadership:

    • A style that prioritizes the well-being and satisfaction of employees.

16. Task-Oriented Leadership:

    • A focus on completing tasks efficiently and effectively.

17. Supportive Leadership:

    • A style that provides emotional and social support to employees.

18. Participative Leadership:

    • Encouraging employees to be involved in decision-making and problem-solving.

19. Authoritative Leadership:

    • A style where the manager provides clear direction and vision for the team.

20. Coaching Leadership:

    • A management style that involves mentoring and developing employees' skills and abilities.

21. Adaptive Leadership:

    • The ability to adjust the management style to changing circumstances.

22. Employee Empowerment:

    • Giving employees the authority to make decisions and take ownership of their work.

23. Conflict Resolution:

    • The process of resolving disagreements or disputes within the team.

24. Delegation:

    • Assigning tasks and responsibilities to team members.

25. Feedback:

    • Providing constructive feedback and evaluations to employees.

26. Motivation:

    • Encouraging and inspiring employees to achieve their best performance.

27. Performance Management:

    • The process of setting goals, monitoring progress, and evaluating employees' performance.

28. Communication:

    • The effective exchange of information and ideas within the team.

29. Decision-making:

    • The process of choosing the best course of action among various alternatives.

30. Organizational Culture:

    • The values, beliefs, and norms that shape the behavior and attitudes of employees.

31. Time Management:

    • Efficiently utilizing time and resources to achieve objectives.

32. Change Management:

    • Managing and guiding the organization through periods of transition and change.

33. Conflict Management:

    • Strategies for resolving conflicts and maintaining a harmonious work environment.

34. Employee Engagement:

    • The level of commitment and involvement of employees in their work.

35. Leadership Development:

    • Programs and activities to enhance leadership skills and abilities.

36. Cross-Cultural Management:

    • Managing diverse teams with different cultural backgrounds.

37. Performance Appraisal:

    • Evaluating and assessing employees' job performance.

38. Problem-solving:

    • Analyzing and finding solutions to challenges and issues.

39. Task Allocation:

    • Distributing tasks and responsibilities among team members.

40. Ethical Leadership:

    • Leading with integrity and adhering to ethical principles.

Knowing these management styles and related terms will help you discuss and understand different approaches to leadership and management in various organizational settings. Good luck with your IELTS preparation!