Social sciences
Here's a lesson on vocabulary related to "Social Sciences" for the IELTS band score 3.0-4.5:
I. Sociology:
Society: A group of individuals who share common values, norms, and behaviors.
Social Structure: The patterned social arrangements and relationships within a society.
Socialization: The process by which individuals learn and internalize the values, norms, and roles of society.
Social Inequality: The unequal distribution of resources, opportunities, and privileges in society.
Social Change: The transformation of societal structures, institutions, and values over time.
II. Psychology:
Behavior: Observable actions, responses, or conduct of individuals.
Cognitive Processes: Mental processes such as perception, memory, thinking, and problem-solving.
Personality: The unique set of traits, characteristics, and patterns of behavior that define an individual.
Motivation: The internal or external factors that drive or direct behavior.
Developmental Psychology: The study of human growth and development across the lifespan.
III. Anthropology:
Culture: The beliefs, customs, values, and practices shared by members of a group or society.
Ethnography: The systematic study and description of cultures and social groups.
Cultural Relativism: The understanding and evaluation of another culture based on its own cultural norms and values.
Archaeology: The study of human history and prehistory through the excavation and analysis of artifacts.
Human Evolution: The study of the biological and behavioral changes that have occurred in humans over time.
IV. Political Science:
Government: The system or institution responsible for making and enforcing laws and policies.
Democracy: A political system in which power is vested in the people, who exercise it through elected representatives.
Political Ideology: A set of beliefs and values that shape political opinions and guide political behavior.
International Relations: The study of relationships between countries, including diplomacy and foreign policy.
Political Participation: The engagement of citizens in political activities, such as voting, protests, or joining political parties.
V. Economics:
Supply and Demand: The fundamental forces that determine prices and quantities of goods and services in a market.
Macroeconomics: The study of the overall economy, including national income, inflation, and unemployment.
Microeconomics: The study of individual economic behavior and decision-making.
Economic Development: The process of improving economic well-being and quality of life in a society.
Globalization: The increasing interconnectedness and integration of economies on a global scale.
VI. Geography:
Physical Geography: The study of Earth's physical features, such as landforms, climate, and natural resources.
Human Geography: The study of human activities, cultures, and their impact on the Earth's surface.
Urbanization: The process of population growth and the development of cities and urban areas.
Migration: The movement of people from one place to another, often for economic or social reasons.
Environmental Sustainability: The practice of using resources in a way that meets current needs without compromising future generations.
VII. Communication Studies:
Verbal Communication: Communication through spoken or written words.
Nonverbal Communication: Communication through gestures, facial expressions, and body language.
Interpersonal Communication: Communication between individuals, typically in face-to-face interactions.
Mass Communication: Communication to a large audience through media channels such as television, radio, or the internet.
Communication Skills: The ability to convey information effectively and understand others' messages.
Remember to practice using these vocabulary words in sentences and conversations to improve your understanding and fluency in English.
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