Social sciences
Here's a lesson on vocabulary related to "Social Sciences" for the IELTS band score 3.0-4.5:
I. Sociology:
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Society: A group of individuals who share common values, norms, and behaviors.
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Social Structure: The patterned social arrangements and relationships within a society.
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Socialization: The process by which individuals learn and internalize the values, norms, and roles of society.
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Social Inequality: The unequal distribution of resources, opportunities, and privileges in society.
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Social Change: The transformation of societal structures, institutions, and values over time.
II. Psychology:
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Behavior: Observable actions, responses, or conduct of individuals.
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Cognitive Processes: Mental processes such as perception, memory, thinking, and problem-solving.
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Personality: The unique set of traits, characteristics, and patterns of behavior that define an individual.
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Motivation: The internal or external factors that drive or direct behavior.
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Developmental Psychology: The study of human growth and development across the lifespan.
III. Anthropology:
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Culture: The beliefs, customs, values, and practices shared by members of a group or society.
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Ethnography: The systematic study and description of cultures and social groups.
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Cultural Relativism: The understanding and evaluation of another culture based on its own cultural norms and values.
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Archaeology: The study of human history and prehistory through the excavation and analysis of artifacts.
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Human Evolution: The study of the biological and behavioral changes that have occurred in humans over time.
IV. Political Science:
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Government: The system or institution responsible for making and enforcing laws and policies.
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Democracy: A political system in which power is vested in the people, who exercise it through elected representatives.
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Political Ideology: A set of beliefs and values that shape political opinions and guide political behavior.
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International Relations: The study of relationships between countries, including diplomacy and foreign policy.
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Political Participation: The engagement of citizens in political activities, such as voting, protests, or joining political parties.
V. Economics:
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Supply and Demand: The fundamental forces that determine prices and quantities of goods and services in a market.
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Macroeconomics: The study of the overall economy, including national income, inflation, and unemployment.
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Microeconomics: The study of individual economic behavior and decision-making.
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Economic Development: The process of improving economic well-being and quality of life in a society.
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Globalization: The increasing interconnectedness and integration of economies on a global scale.
VI. Geography:
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Physical Geography: The study of Earth's physical features, such as landforms, climate, and natural resources.
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Human Geography: The study of human activities, cultures, and their impact on the Earth's surface.
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Urbanization: The process of population growth and the development of cities and urban areas.
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Migration: The movement of people from one place to another, often for economic or social reasons.
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Environmental Sustainability: The practice of using resources in a way that meets current needs without compromising future generations.
VII. Communication Studies:
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Verbal Communication: Communication through spoken or written words.
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Nonverbal Communication: Communication through gestures, facial expressions, and body language.
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Interpersonal Communication: Communication between individuals, typically in face-to-face interactions.
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Mass Communication: Communication to a large audience through media channels such as television, radio, or the internet.
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Communication Skills: The ability to convey information effectively and understand others' messages.
Remember to practice using these vocabulary words in sentences and conversations to improve your understanding and fluency in English.
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