Abstract concepts

1. Ambiguity:

   • The quality of being open to more than one interpretation or having multiple meanings.

2. Paradox:

   • A statement or situation that appears contradictory but may be true.

3. Perception:

   • The way in which something is understood or interpreted by an individual.

4. Consciousness:

   • The state of being aware of and able to think, feel, and perceive.

5. Empathy:

   • The ability to understand and share the feelings of another person.

6. Intuition:

   • The ability to understand or know something instinctively, without the need for conscious reasoning.

7. Cognition:

   • The mental process of acquiring knowledge and understanding through thought, experience, and senses.

8. Moral Relativism:

   • The belief that moral principles are not absolute and can vary based on cultural, social, or personal contexts.

9. Existentialism:

   • A philosophical belief system that emphasizes individual experience, choice, and responsibility in creating meaning in life.

10. Ethical Dilemma:

    • A situation in which a person is faced with conflicting moral principles and must make a difficult decision.

11. Abstract Reasoning:

    • The ability to think logically and solve problems using concepts and ideas rather than tangible examples.

12. Metaphysics:

    • A branch of philosophy that explores fundamental questions about reality, existence, and the nature of being.

13. Alienation:

    • A feeling of isolation or estrangement from oneself, others, or society.

14. Transcendence:

    • The act of going beyond or rising above normal limits or boundaries.

15. Innovation:

    • The process of introducing new ideas, methods, or products to improve or revolutionize existing systems.

16. Egalitarianism:

    • A belief in equality and the equal rights of all individuals.

17. Idealism:

    • A philosophical theory that emphasizes the importance of ideas and mind in understanding reality.

18. Pragmatism:

    • A philosophical approach that emphasizes practical consequences and real-life experiences.

19. Skepticism:

    • A questioning or doubting attitude towards knowledge, beliefs, or claims.

20. Conformity:

    • The act of complying with societal norms, rules, or expectations.

21. Enlightenment:

    • A state of gaining profound knowledge or understanding, often associated with spiritual or intellectual growth.

22. Transcendentalism:

    • A philosophical and literary movement that emphasizes the individual's connection with nature and intuition.

23. Subjectivity:

    • The quality of being based on personal opinions, feelings, and interpretations rather than objective facts.

24. Utopia:

    • An imagined perfect or ideal society, often portrayed in literature or philosophical works.

25. Dystopia:

    • An imagined society characterized by oppression, suffering, and negative conditions, often depicted in speculative fiction.

26. Altruism:

    • The selfless concern and actions for the well-being of others.

27. Catharsis:

    • The emotional release or purging of feelings, often achieved through art or intense experiences.

28. Equanimity:

    • Mental calmness, composure, and evenness of temper, especially in difficult situations.

29. Spiritual Enlightenment:

    • The state of profound understanding and awakening to one's spiritual nature.

30. Harmony:

    • The state of peaceful coexistence and balance, often used to describe the balance in nature or music.

31. Anarchy:

    • A state of society without government or authority, often associated with disorder and lawlessness.

32. Autonomy:

    • The ability or right to self-govern and make independent decisions.

33. Nihilism:

    • A philosophical belief that rejects traditional values, social structures, and moral principles.

34. Euphoria:

    • A feeling of intense happiness and excitement.

35. Cognitive Dissonance:

    • The discomfort caused by holding conflicting beliefs or attitudes.

36. Panacea:

    • A remedy or solution that claims to cure all problems or diseases.

37. Resilience:

    • The ability to bounce back and recover from challenges or adversity.

38. Taboo:

    • A social or cultural prohibition against certain actions, behaviors, or practices.

39. Dichotomy:

    • A division or contrast between two things that are represented as being entirely different.

40. Empowerment:

    • The process of enabling individuals or communities to take control of their lives and make decisions.

41. Stoicism:

    • A philosophical school of thought that advocates self-control, inner calm, and acceptance of fate.

42. Ostracism:

    • The exclusion or rejection of an individual from a social group or community.

43. Efficacy:

    • The ability of an intervention or treatment to produce the desired outcomes.

44. Ineffable:

    • Too great or extreme to be expressed or described in words.

45. Epiphany:

    • A sudden and profound realization or insight.

46. Intrinsic:

    • Belonging naturally; inherent and essential.

47. Extrinsic:

    • Not inherent or essential; coming from external sources.

48. Equilibrium:

    • A state of balance and stability.

49. Empirical:

    • Based on observation, evidence, and experience.

50. Idiosyncrasy:

    • A distinctive or peculiar feature or behavior that is characteristic of an individual or group.

These advanced academic terms can help you express complex ideas and concepts more effectively in your writing and speaking tasks. Good luck with your IELTS preparation!