Q21: The keywords for Q21 are “work experience”; “South America”.

• In the conversation, we hear the sign of these keywords when the woman asked Paul about his work experience in South America. Paul then, answered the woman that “as I’m combining Spanish with Latin American studies, my main idea was to find out more about the way people lived there.”.  So the answer for Q21 is C

• Option B is incorrect as Paul said that “My spoken Spanish was already pretty  good in fact”

• Option A may be the answer when Paul said that  “I ended up teaching English there”. But he said that wasn’t his original choice of work.

So the answer for Q21 is C

Q22: The keywords for Q22 are “project work”; “originally intend”.

The sign for Q22 appears when Paul mentioned about “voluntary projects”. From here, we must listen carefully to get the answer for Q22.

• Paul stated that “getting involved in building projects was an option”, this may lead us to choose A for the answer. However, Q22 is about project work Paul originally intend to get involved in. So option A is incorrect.

• Option B is incorrect. Although Paul mentioned about “work with local farmers”, this is his second project he get in.

• Option C is correct as Paul stated that “tourists for walks around the volcanoes – which I actually chose to do”

Q23: The keywords for Q23 are “Why” “change”; “project”.

As we know that Paul actually chose tourism project at first and then changed to agriculture project, the woman continually asked Paul why he did that.

Paul answer the women as “Because I never really knew whether I’d be needed or not. I’d thought it might be difficult physically, but I was certainly fit enough…”. This may lead us to option C.

However, after that he said “no, I wanted to do something that had more of a proper structure to it”. This could be understood as his first job was not well organized. Therefore, the answer for Q23 is A

Q24: The keywords for Q23 are “village community” “he leant”; “how important”.

The sign of “village community” appears as “remote village”.

Paul stated that “What struck me was that when people became more comfortable with me and less suspicious”. Here, “what struck me” is equal to “he learnt something important”. And “more comfortable with me and less suspicious” means “develop trust”. Therefore, the answer for Q24 must be B

Q25: The keyword for Q25 must be “project manager”, “supportive”, “ ambitious”

To answer the women’s question, Paul said that “he gave me lots of advice and guidance”. This could be understood as “very supportive”. Therefore, the answer for Q25 must be C.

Note: Option A and B is incorrect as it is nowhere to be found in the conversation.

Q26: The keywords for Q26 must be “surprised to be given”, “Computer”, “little money”, “extension contract”

• Although Paul did mention about his “extension contract”, his parents (not him) were surprised about this. Therefore, option C is incorrect.

• As the women asked about administration side of things that surprised him, Paul expressed his surprised when he said “they gave me all the equipment I needed…even a laptop”. After that, the woman asked if he expected that, and he confirmed that he was not. Therefore, the answer must be A

• Option B is incorrect since Q26 asked about something Paul was given.

Q31: The keywords for Q31 must be “introducing new business processes” and “copy existing processes”

The keywords appear when we hear the lecturer mentioned phrases in the listening test as “introduced a new process” (equivalent to “introducing new business processes”) and “to repeat that success, and capture it if  possible on a bigger scale” (equivalent to “copy existing processes”).

After that she described this process as “not to generate new knowledge.” (equivalent to not straightforward) and “less glamorous activity than pure innovation” (equivalent to not attractive). So options A, C are incorrect.

She continually stated that “but it actually happens more often, as a matter of fact”. Therefore, Option B is the answer for Q31.

Q32: The keyword for Q32 must be “ Most research into the repetition of success”

The keyword for Q32 appears in the lecture as “research into how companies can repeat their previous successes”.

• Although the lecturer stated that “it certainly hasn’t been confined to the United States”, it doesn’t mean that most of it has been done outside the United States. Thus, Option A is not the answer we’re looking for.

• The lecturer once again mentioned “Most research into the repetition of success” as “it has been shown that the overwhelming majority of  attempts fail.  A host of  studies confirm this” Here, “A host of studies” means “Most research”. Besides, “that the overwhelming majority of attempts fail” and “a wide range of  business settings” can be understood as “consistent findings” . In addition, “a wide range of  business settings: .... to name but not a few ” also equals to “related to many contexts” (not “a few contexts”). Therefore, Option C is incorrect and the answer for Q32 must be B

Q33: The keyword for Q33 must be “consulting experts”

The keyword appears as “going to an expert”.

• The lecturer stated that “Now, this approach can be used if you want to gain a rough understanding of a particular system, or understand smaller, isolated problems”. Here, “particular system” and “smaller, isolated problems” can be understood as “certain circumstances”. As continuing, she once again supported that idea with “even the expert doesn’t fully grasp the whole thing...”. Therefore, Option B is the answer for Q32

• Options A and C are incorrect, as it is nowhere to be found in the test.

Q34: The keywords for Q34 must be “An expert’s knowledge” and “may be incomplete ”.

• The lecturer said about “being incomplete of An expert’s knowledge” as from “even the expert doesn’t fully grasp the whole thing”.

• After that she gave an example of it by describing “a lot of details of the system that invisible to manag

• ers” as “Some may be difficult to describe”; “impossible to describe” and “but impossible to describe in a way that’s helpful”. These can be understood as “some details are difficult for workers to explain”. So, A is the answer for Q34.

• Options A and C are incorrect, as it is nowhere to be found in the test.