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Home / Collection / IELTS Recent Mock Tests Volume 3 / Listening Practice Test 2

IELTS Recent Mock Tests Volume 3

4.0

(2,174 votes)

Published on: 31 Jan 2018
Tests taken: 1,145,734

Answer Keys:

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Part 1: Question 1 - 10

1 July
2 3/three days
3 test driving
4 camera
5 110

6 Edgeworth
7 Summer
8 city centre/center
9 directions
10 (enquiring) online

Part 2: Question 11 - 20

11 B
12 A
13 B
14 C
15 A

16 F
17 H
18 B
19 D
20 C

Part 3: Question 21 - 30

21 A
22 B
23 F
24 G

25 D
26 A
27 C
28 30 B,E,F

Part 4: Question 32 - 40

31 32 C,D
33 parents
34 versions
35 country
36 transport

37 social
38 funding
39 competitions
40 professional

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IELTS Reading- Sentence Completion Tips and Strategy

These questions are as much vocabulary tests as they are reading tests because they require you to be aware of paraphrasing (using different...

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(38 votes)

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03 Jun 2018

Review & Explanations:

Part 1: Questions 1-10

Questions 1-10

Complete the notes below.

Write NO MORE THAN TWO WORDS AND/OR A NUMBER for each answer.

Birmingham Exhibition

Example	Answer
Purpose of calling:	purchasing tickets

• Open in: 1

• Length of exhibition: 2

• A wide range of manufacturers will be showcased.

• Some cars are available to observe and the others are for 3

• The 4 is prohibited to take into the museum.

• Every ticket includes one free photo.

• Price of ticket: £ 5 (in advance)

• Transfer to Mark 6 (Box Office Manager)

• Held in the 7 Palace this year

• Not far from 8

• Website: www. 9 .com

• Best way to contact: 10

1 Answer: July

Listen from here Locate Explain Report

Note:

the words which lead you to the answer are underlined.
the word/number you must write for the answer is marked
words which you might wrongly think could be the answer are in italics

Question 1:

The keyword concerned in Q1 is “in”.
From the question, we can assume that the answer must be time for opening. Due to the word “in”, it cannot be:

a precise time (because we use the preposition ‘at’ for it, eg. at 8 am)
A Day or Date (because we use the preposition ‘on’ for it, eg. on Monday, on 25th July)

Therefore, the best answer we can guess should be a month.

The answer for Q1 is quite noticeable as the Events Coordinator confirmed: “The exhibition will take place during July”. So the answer here is “July”

Note: Candidates might take “June” as an answer because they heard the woman asked: “Does it open in June?” and the man answered :Yes”. However, candidates should ignore this distraction because the time is confirmed. The answer “yes” is for the question: “ I was wondering whether you could provide me with some more information”, not for “Does it open in June?”

2 Answer: 3/three days

Listen from here Locate Explain Report

Question 2:

The keyword concerned in Q2 is “Length”.
From the question, we can assume that the answer can be a period of time, for example 4 days, a week, a month…
Candidates should be alerted when they heard the woman asked “Is the exhibition open for the duration of July?”, which is the clue that the man would provide the answer for Q2.
The man said “ the exhibition will last 3 days”. Therefore, “3 days” is the answer.

Note: Candidates might take “1st - 3rd of July” as the answer. The answer is basically not wrong, however, due to the limitation of word (no more than 2 words), this answer cannot be accepted.

3 Answer: test driving

Listen from here Locate Explain Report

Question 3:

The keyword concerned in Q3 is “to observe”. This is not directly linked to the answer we need, however, it helps us to locate the answer.
From the word “for” before the gap, the answer we need should be a noun, in specific an activity.
Candidates should focus to catch the word “observe”. The man said: “some of the cars will only be available to observe.”, therefore, candidates can expect to hear the answer after this as he continued “ there will certainly be an opportunity to test driving some of the more modern cars”. Understand the question, we could pick out “ test driving” as an answer.

Note: Candidates might take “sit” or “drive” as an answer, however, the gap must be a noun as explained. If the word before the gap is “to” ( parallel to the phrase ““to observe”) then “sit” or “drive” is correct.

4 Answer: camera

Listen from here Locate Explain Report

Question 4:

The keyword concerned in Q4 is “is prohibited”.
From the question, we can assume that the answer must be an object
The answer for Q4 is quite noticeable as the Events Coordinator confirmed: “cameras are actually strictly not allowed to bring into the exhibition.”. “Not allowed” means “is prohibited”. Therefore, “camera” is the answer.

Note: Candidates might take “cameras” as an answer as they heard the man said the word in plural form. However, the word “is” written on the questions sheet suggest the answer must be provided in singular form.

5 Answer: 110

Listen from here Locate Explain Report

Question 5:

The keyword concerned in Q5 is “in advance”.
From the question, we can assume that the answer must be the amount of money.
Candidates can prepare themselves for the answer when the woman asked: I’ve been asking around about the ticket prices” and the answer is quite noticeable as the man confirmed: “If you buy the ticket in advance the price is £110”. Therefore, “110” is the answer.

Note: Candidates might be confused as they heard many prices mentioned. However, they could get rid of this distraction by focus on the keyword :”in advance”

6 Answer: Edgeworth

Listen from here Locate Explain Report

Question 6:

The keyword concerned in Q6 is “Mark”.
From the question, we can assume that the answer may be Mark’s last name, and expect this name to be spelled.
The answer for Q6 is quite noticeable as the Events Coordinator said: I’ll transfer you to the Box Office Manager, Mark Edgeworth, that’s E-D-G-E-W-O-R-T-H”. Therefore, “Edgeworth” is the answer.

7 Answer: Summer

Listen from here Locate Explain Report

Question 7:

The keyword concerned in Q7 are “this year” and “ Palace”
From the question, we can assume that the answer is a name of a Palace
The answer for Q7 is quite noticeable as the Events Coordinator confirmed: “this year all exhibitions will be held in the Summer Palace.”. So the answer here is “Summer”

Note: Candidates might take “Birmingham Exhibition Centre” However, candidates should easily ignore this distraction because the location is confirmed. Moreover, this location does not contain any information about Palace

8 Answer: city centre/center

Listen from here Locate Explain Report

Question 8:

From the question, we can assume that the answer must be a location
The answer for Q8 is quite noticeable as the Events Coordinator confirmed: “Well, it’s not too far from city centre”. So the answer here is “city centre”

9 Answer: directions

Listen from here Locate Explain Report

Question 9:

The keyword concerned in Q9 is “www.com”
It’s quite easy for candidates to get the answer as they just need to focus to catch a website address, which always starts with www. Candidates can prepare as they heard the woman ask :” Is there anywhere I can find this information on the Internet?” and the man said :” you could visit www.directions.com for more detailed information”So the answer here is “directions”.

10 Answer: (enquiring) online

Listen from here Locate Explain Report

Question 10:

The keyword concerned in Q10 is “best way”. And “contact “
The answer for Q10 is quite easy to locate since the woman asked the way to contact :” is this the best way to contact you” and the Events Coordinator confirmed: “ I think the most convenient way to contact us is enquiring online”. So the answer here is “(enquiring) online”.

Part 1

Part 2: Questions 11-20

Questions 11-15

Choose the correct letter, A, B or C.

How many patients does the hospital consult every year?

A 3,000
B 5,000
C 11,000

Answer: B

Listen from here Locate Explain Report

Question 11:

Key word is “consult every year”
Option A – “3,000” is incorrect as it is not mentioned in the recording.
Option B – “5000” is correct as the woman said: “we aim to treat around 5,000 patients a year ”
Option C – “11,000” is incorrect. “11,000 patients” is the capacity of the consultations, not the number of patients they aim to serve due to the reason that “so as to maintain and ensure the quality of our services.”

When can patients meet the female doctor?

A on weekday mornings
B three days a week
C only on Mondays and Fridays

Answer: A

Listen from here Locate Explain Report

Question 12:

Key word is “female doctors”
Option A – “on weekday mornings” is correct as the woman said: “Appointments with our healthcare professionals can be made at any time during the week, with female doctors available between 8 am and 11 am.” The period of time “8 am and 11 am” is another way to mention “morning”
Option B – “three days a week” is incorrect as it is not mentioned in the recording.
Option C – “only on Mondays and Fridays” is incorrect as it is not mentioned in the recording.

Who is the expert on treating hearing loss?

A Mr. Robert
B Mr. Green
C Mr. Edwards

Answer: B

Listen from here Locate Explain Report

Question 13:

Key word is “hearing loss”
Option A – “Mr. Robert” is incorrect as the woman said: “Mr. Robert is a fully qualified ear and throat specialist” .
Option B – “Mr. Green” is correct as the woman said: “while Mr. Green specialises in reversing hearing loss.”
Option C – “Mr. Edwards” is incorrect. as the woman said: “ Mr. Edwards is a pediatric hearing specialist”

Note: candidates might feel lost at this stage as since they identify the keyword “hearing loss” , they might link it with “ear, hearing”.

Where are patients recommended to buy their medicine?

A the supermarket in the town
B pharmacies nearby the city centre
C the health care’s pharmacy

Answer: C

Listen from here Locate Explain Report

Question 14:

Key word is “recommended”
Option A – “the supermarket in the town” is incorrect as it is not mentioned in the recording.
Option B – “pharmacies nearby the city centre” is incorrect as the woman said: “There are several pharmacies within the city; however we recommend …”. Even when the woman did mention about these pharmacies, the question asks about what they recommended
Option C – “the health care’s pharmacy” is correct . As the woman said: “however we recommend that patients use the pharmacy housed within our health care facility” and gave out many advantages when the patients using their facility to support the idea.

What will the patients be asked about whether they are willing to do?

A Letting one student attend the consultation
B Asking postgraduate students to do treatment
C Meeting students in group discussion

Answer: A

Listen from here Locate Explain Report

Question 15:

Option A – “Letting one student attend the consultation” is correct as the woman said: “we would like to encourage our patients to give their consent for a medical student to attend their consultations ”. “Give their consent” means “allow, letting, give their permission”
Option B – “Asking postgraduate students to do treatment” is incorrect. However, some candidates may be confused because they think “provide our students with every opportunity to expose themselves to medicine in practice.” means let them “do treatment”
Option C – “Meeting students in group discussion” is incorrect as it is not mentioned in the recording.

Questions 16-20

Label the map below.

Write the correct letter, A-H, next to questions 16-20.

RAT 3 listening 2 s2.png

16 Reception

17 Mr. Green’s Room

18 Medical Records Office

19 Surgery Room

20 Manager’s Office

16 Answer: F

Listen from here Locate Explain Report

It's useful to identify the features of each option in advance, for example:

Option A is the room in the right corner of the room.
Option B is the room next to the therapy room.
Option C is the room between the closets.
Option D is the room next to the main door
Option F is the room opposite to the main door, at the end of the room
Option E is the room opposite to the control laboratory
Option G is opposite to the cloakroom.

The more features listed out the better

Question 16:

Keyword is “reception”
In the recording it said: “ reception can be found through the main door at the end of the corridor.”. Therefore F is the answer.

17 Answer: H

Listen from here Locate Explain Report

Question 17:

Keyword is “Mr. Green’s Room”
In the recording it said: “ Mr. Green, you need to go through the main door and turn right by the nurses’ desk, and his office is at the end of the corridor on your left-hand side.” Understand the direction, the answer is H.

18 Answer: B

Listen from here Locate Explain Report

Question 18:

Keyword is “Medical Records Office”
In the recording it said: “please visit our secretary at the Office for Medical Records,which you will find next to the therapy room” Understand the direction, the answer is B.

19 Answer: D

Listen from here Locate Explain Report

Question 19:

Keyword is “Surgery Room”
In the recording it said: “If you’re awaiting surgery, please first check in with reception, before taking the first door on the right after you enter the clinic.”. In short, the direction is : “next to the main door in the right”. Understand the direction, the answer is D.

20 Answer: C

Listen from here Locate Explain Report

Question 20:

Keyword is “Manager’s Office”
In the recording it said: “our Manager’s Office, which can be found near the Office for Medical Records and between two closets”. Understand the direction, the answer is C.

Previous Next

Part 2

Part 3: Questions 21-30

Questions 21-25

What is the main opinion of each of the following people?

Choose FIVE answers from the box and write the correct letter, A-G, next to questions 21-25.

	Opinions
A	lighting restrictions
B	alternative lighting
C	reduce the number of insects
D	decline in the number of species
E	climate changes
F	impacts on the growth of animals
G	impacts on water quality

21 Ken Simpson

22 Dave Kepler

23 Sharon Grey

24 Maria Jackson

25 Barbara Swallow

21 Answer: A

Listen from here Locate Explain Report

Question 21:

Keyword is “Ken Simpson”
In the recording it said: “on Ken Simpson’s work, he argues that in order to protect natural habitats, governments should endeavor to turn off lights in cities at night.”. “Turn of lights at night” means “restrict (the energy using for) lighting”. Therefore, the answer is A (lighting restrictions).

22 Answer: B

Listen from here Locate Explain Report

Question 22:

Keyword is “Dave Kepler”
In the recording it said: “ Dave Kepler suggests they could just replace the existing lights with more environmentally friendly bulbs. They could even install solar-powered lights.”.
“Alternative” means “human-made”, and in the recording the man mentioned “solar-powered lights” as an example for “alternative lighting” Therefore, the answer is B (alternative lighting).

23 Answer: F

Listen from here Locate Explain Report

Question 23:

Keyword is “Sharon Grey”
In the recording it said: “according to Sharon Grey, in countries with more sunlight, insect-eating animals tend to be smaller in size.”. When “animals tend to be smaller in size“ means “the growth of animals” is negatively impacted by the excessive amount of sunlight.
Therefore, the answer is F (impacts on the growth of animals).

24 Answer: G

Listen from here Locate Explain Report

Question 24:

Keyword is “Maria Jackson”
In the recording it said: “Maria Jackson says that in direct sunlight, the surface of the water becomes more translucent, therefore it affects the amount of sunlight that aquatic insects can absorb.”. Therefore, the answer is G (impacts on water quality).

25 Answer: D

Listen from here Locate Explain Report

Question 25:

Keyword is “Barbara Swallow”
In the recording it said: “Barbara Swallow’s study on how declined insect population adversely affects the frog population.“. Some candidates may be confused whether to choose C (reduce the number of insects) or D, because they catch both ideas in the key sentence. However, you should notice that “reduce” is a verb means “Make smaller or less in amount”, but in the recording there was no information about someone or an experiment try to reduce the number of insects to test any theory. The recording was only talking about a “decline in the number of insect” and “decline in the number of frog population.” , in general:decline in the number of species (which are insects and frogs)
Therefore, the answer is D (decline in the number of species).

Questions 26-27

Choose the correct letter, A, B or C.

What does Jim think about the difference among species in natural and artificial light?

A It makes no difference.
B Species will die out in natural light.
C Species will die out in artificial light.

Answer: A

Listen from here Locate Explain Report

Question 26:

Keyword “the difference among species”
In the recording the man said: “I’m not sure it makes much difference” when the woman asked about the difference between species raised in natural and artificial light “What’s your stance on natural and artificial light?” .Both conditions lead to the result “species will die out either way.”
Therefore, the answer is A (It makes no difference.).

One reason why Jim and Jane felt unsatisfied about the theories discussed in the lecture was that

A governments didn’t increase any spending on them.
B most theories had nothing to do with the exams.
C many theories lacked solid proof in the field.

Answer: C

Listen from here Locate Explain Report

Question 27:

Keyword is “theories discussed in the lecture”

Option A - Governments didn’t increase any spending on them” is incorrect. Some candidates may think A - governments didn’t increase any spending on them. Is the answer because they heard :” governments should definitely increase spending on research in this field.” However, “ this field.” that Jim mentioned about is not “theories discussed in the lecture” but “global warming and protection or replacement of finite fuels.”

Option B – “most theories had nothing to do with the exams” is incorrect. Because Jane meant they have to learn unsupported theories for exams when she said “I don’t like learning unsupported theories for exams,”, these theories are ON the exams. Yet the option’s idea is “these theories are NOT on the exams”
Option C – “Meeting students in group discussion” is correct as In the recording the man said: “The theories discussed in our lectures, like Simpson’s and Grey’s, are so vague and lack proof, so I don’t understand why we even study them.” and the woman agreed “I don’t like learning unsupported theories”.

Questions 28-30

Choose THREE letters, A-G.

Which THREE topics are they interested in studying in the future?

A quality of life of tourists
B wildlife park animals
C migration birds
D animals living in rural areas
E animals living in tropical climate
F the impacts of different environment on animals
G pandas in the zoo

28-30 Answer: B,E,F

Listen from here Locate Explain Report

Question 28:

Candidates can prepare themselves to catch the answers for Q28-30 “topics are they interested in studying” when Jane said “ I’d rather spend my time learning something else”
In the recording it said: “ I’d be much more interested in studying the animals in safari parks” “Safari park” is a large park where wild animals are kept and can move freely, and can be watched by visitors driving through in their cars (Cambridge Dictionary). Therefore, the answer is B (wildlife park animals.)

Note: (1) If candidates do not pay enough attention, they may choose C migration birds as an answer. However, Jane was making a comparison between “safari parks’ animals” and “migration birds”, about what she prefer to study.

(2) If candidates do not read the answer carefully, they might choose A quality of life of tourists as they heard “the effect of tourists on the quality of life of animals”

Question 29:

In the recording it said: “Especially those animals living in more tropical countries” means animals living in tropical climate _ E

Therefore, the answer is E (animals living in tropical climate).

Question 30:

In the recording it said: “I want to study how bringing animals over from foreign countries to put in our zoos affects their life expectancy”. By saying “ bringing animals over from foreign countries to put in our zoos” she means “bring animals to a different environment”. Therefore F (the impacts of different environment on animals) is the answer.

Note: some candidates might choose G (pandas in the zoo) as an answer when they heard “For example, do you remember when China sent pandas to Edinburgh Zoo?” however, this is just an example for the main idea “the impacts of different environment on animals”

Previous Next

Part 3

Part 4: Questions 31-40

Questions 31-32

Choose TWO letters, A-E.

Which TWO aspects did the new rules at the end of the 19^th century focus on?

A cooperation
B competition
C moral values
D player’s physical protection
E business model

31-32 Answer: C,D

Listen from here Locate Explain Report

Question 31:

Keyword is “at the end of the 19th century”
Candidates need to follow the timeline, and narrow their focus to “the end of the 19th century”.
In the recording it said: “Towards the latter end of the 19th century (...) however, there appeared a new found emphasis on moral values in football.
Therefore C (moral values) is the answer.

Question 32:

In the recording it said: “ Furthermore, as mob football died away, there grew a greater concern for players’ health and general well-being” This idea does not mention about the time frame, however, it was mentioned “as mob football died away” and “mob football” was the feature of the mid 19th century “Even up to the mid-19th century, Shrovetide football or ‘mob football’ was still widely practiced.“

Therefore D (player’s physical protection) is the answer.

Questions 33-40

Complete the sentences below.

Write ONE WORD ONLY for each answer.

Football in the UK

At present the main reason why UK schools push football education is the pressure from 33

Prior to the 19^th century, football players used different 34 of rules.

People attempted to standardise the rules from the whole 35 , known as the ‘Cambridge Rules’ in 1848.

Attendances were increasing due to the improvement of infrastructure and the 36 system.

Football became popular and it is regarded as a 37 event.

The football clubs were responsible for most of the 38 and development for the football association.

39 against other teams were also organised by the football clubs.

In 1910s, 40 football players were approved of in the game.

33 Answer: parents

Listen from here Locate Explain Report

Question 33:

Keyword is “pressure from”
From the question, candidates can make a prediction that the gap 33 is noun, maybe an organization or group of people.
In the recording it said: “all schools in the UK are boasting their own football teams. This mainly comes as a result of pressure put on schools and the government by concerned parents”. Therefore parents is the answer

Note: Some candidates might misheard, plus they only see “schools” on the answer sheet, therefore they might get confused whether to choose “Government” or parents. However, when listening carefully, we will hear that this is a pressure from parents on both Schools and Government

34 Answer: versions

Listen from here Locate Explain Report

Question 34:

Keyword is “different rules.”
From the question, candidates can make a prediction that the gap 34 is noun, particularly these following nouns : kinds, types, forms…
In the recording it said: “only during the 19th century that football in its uniform concept truly began to emerge, with footballers previously playing according to their own versions of the rules”. It did not directly mentioned the time mark “Prior to the 19th century”, however it said “only during the 19th century that football in its uniform concept truly began to emerge, with footballers previously…), Therefore versions is the answer

35 Answer: country

Listen from here Locate Explain Report

Question 35:

Keywords are “Cambridge Rules”, “standardise”
From the question, candidates can make a prediction that the gap 35 is a noun, maybe the gap is world or country, nation…
In the recording it said: “Cambridge Rules’, thereby uniting the rules from across the country into one simple document”, by “uniting” it means to “merge these rules into one or in other word- to standardise” Therefore country is the answer

36 Answer: transport

Listen from here Locate Explain Report

Question 36:

Keyword is “improvement of infrastructure”
From the question, candidates can make a prediction that the gap 36 is a noun, or a name of a system, which should be paralleled or linked to infrastructure
In the recording it said: “ improvements in infrastructure and public transport had a knock on effect of dramatically increasing attendance to football games”. Therefore transport/transportation is the answer

Note : (1) some candidates might lost mark by fill “public transport” , basically it is not wrong, however due to the limitation of word (one word only), it is consider wrong. You must choose the most important word to fill in the gap

(2) Some candidates, because of their habits, will fill transportation instead of what they heard “transport” .Both words generally mean the same thing, but British English uses transport in the same way American English uses transportation. Therefore transportation is also a correct answer.

37 Answer: social

Listen from here Locate Explain Report

Question 37:

Keyword is “event”
From the question, candidates can make a prediction that the gap 37 is an adjective
In the recording it said: “Football quickly became a social event”. Therefore social is the answer

38 Answer: funding

Listen from here Locate Explain Report

Question 38:

Keyword is “development for the football association”
From the question, candidates can make a prediction that the gap 38 is a noun which should be paralleled or linked to the development
In the recording it said: “But in the end, the onus fell upon (...) football clubs for the funding and development of the football association. ”Therefore funding is the answer

39 Answer: competitions

Listen from here Locate Explain Report

Question 39:

Keyword is “ against other teams ”
From the Keyword after the gap, candidates can make a prediction that the gap 39 is noun. Thanks to the word “against”, candidates can guess the gap may be contests, tournaments, matches, competitions, games...
In the recording it said: “They became responsible for (...) organised competitions against other local and regional teams.” . “They” here was “football clubs” as this sentence following the one talking about football clubs.
Therefore competitions is the answer.

40 Answer: professional

Listen from here Locate Explain Report

Question 40:

Keyword is “football players were approved”
From the question, candidates can make a prediction that the gap 40 is an adjective.
In the recording it said: “ finally accepting professional talent in the early 20th century”. “Accepting” means “allow, approve”,”talents” referred to “football players “ and “in the early 20th century “ was rewritten in “1910s”.Therefore professional is the answer

Part 4

Change Audio Sources

Source 1

Source 2

SECTION 1

Events Coordinator: Good morning, you’re through to the events coordinator at the Birmingham City ouncil, how may I help you?

Julie: Hello there, my husband and I are interested in purchasing tickets to the automobile exhibition, but I couldn’t find many details about it on your website, and I was wondering whether you could provide me with some more information. Does it open in June?

Events Coordinator: Yes, of course, Madam. The exhibition will take place during July, and will showcase the history of automobiles from the very first commercial car in the late 1800s all the way through to the present day.

Julie: Is the exhibition open for the duration of July?

Events Coordinator: No, Madam, the exhibition will last 3 days, from the 1st of July to the 3rd of July, and then the cars will be taken to another exhibition.

Julie: Okay. Does the exhibition focus on a certain manufacturer?

Events Coordinator: No, it will showcase a wide range of manufacturers.

Julie: Wonderful! I’m ever so fed up of going to these shows and only seeing one manufacturer. Are there any opportunities to sit in or even drive the cars?

Events Coordinator: There will be many opportunities for you to sit in the cars; however, some of the cars will only be available to observe. We are yet to be told whether any of the antique cars will be available to drive, however there will certainly be an opportunity to test driving some of the more modern cars on a purpose-built track.

Julie: That sounds like great fun! I mustn’t forget to bring my camera, or my husband will never forgive me!

Events Coordinator: I’m afraid to say that cameras are actually strictly not allowed to bring into the exhibition. There will however be a section where a professional photographer will be available to take photos of you sitting in a car in period clothing.

Julie: Well, that sounds like it could be fun, but I assume the photos won’t be free.

Events Coordinator: On the contrary, one free photograph is included within every ticket, but each photo after this will cost £5.

Julie: That’s a nice surprise, not many things are free anymore. I’ve been asking around about the ticket prices, but I haven’t yet had a definite answer. Is it correct that the tickets are £100 whether you buy them now or on arrival?

Events Coordinator: I’m afraid not. If you buy the ticket in advance the price is £110, but it’s £165 on the door.

Julie: Oh goodness! I suppose I’d best pay for them now then. Is it possible to buy tickets from you now over the phone?

Events Coordinator: Yes, of course, Madam. I’ll transfer you to the Box Office Manager, Mark Edgeworth, that’s E-D-G-E-W-O-R-T-H, and he will probably need to take your credit card details and some personal details.

Julie: Yes, that’s fine. Before you transfer me, I just need to ask a few more questions. Will the exhibition be held in the Birmingham Exhibition Centre? I think that’s where I went last time.

Events Coordinator: No, Madam, the Birmingham Exhibition Centre is currently undergoing some renovations, so this year all exhibitions will be held in the Summer Palace.

Julie: Summer Palace? I’m not entirely sure where that is.

Events Coordinator: Well, it’s not too far from city centre. Once you’re in the centre, you should be able to find signs for the palace. If not, most people in Birmingham will be able to direct you.

Julie: Hmm...neither my husband nor I am particularly good with directions. Is there anywhere I can find this information on the Internet?

Events Coordinator: Our website will give you an address. Perhaps you could visit www.directions.com for more detailed information, and they should be able to provide you with step-by-step instructions.

Julie: Okay and is this the best way to contact you, by phone?

Events Coordinator: I think the most convenient way to contact us is enquiring online, which is much simpler than having to dial various different numbers to reach the right person! Unless you have any more questions, I’ll transfer you now.

Julie: No, that’s great! Thank you for your help.

SECTION 2

Hello, and welcome to the home page for the Healthy Hearing Medical Clinic and Surgery, where we’d like to share a little more information about the services we provide and more.

Our hospital is one of the leading specialised hospitals in the United Kingdom, attracting the very best healthcare professionals from around the globe. Not only are we a leading medical practice, but we are also the only hospital in the United Kingdom dedicated entirely to the treatment of, and research into the curing of hearing loss. Our facilities and staff here are renowned across Europe, attracting thousands of patients a year. Our consultations can number anything up to 11,000 patients a year, however we aim to treat around 5,000 patients a year so as to maintain and ensure the quality of our services. Our patients are guaranteed the highest standard of care, as well as the use of our first class facilities. All patients requiring overnight treatment are provided with their own private room with en-suite facilities, as well as a state-of-the-art entertainment centre, which includes a flat screen LCD television and Playstation.

Appointments with our healthcare professionals can be made at any time during the week, with female doctors available between 8 am and 11 am. If you need to see a doctor outside of these times, please visit the ‘Out of Hours’ page of our website for more information. Our doctors are all trained to an exceptionally high standard, and practice a vast array of specialties: Mr. Robert is a fully qualified ear and throat specialist, Mr. Edwards is a pediatric hearing specialist, while Mr. Green specialises in reversing hearing loss. For more details about our people, please visit the ‘Staff Members’ page on our website.

During a consultation, doctors will sometimes decide medication is required, for which patients should receive a prescription. There are several pharmacies within the city; however we recommend that patients use the pharmacy housed within our health care facility. Our in-house pharmacy is well-stocked at all times, our products are competitively priced, and our pharmacists are on hand to help and advise from 8 am until 10 pm from Monday to Saturday, and from 9 am until 12 pm on Sundays. If you require any help outside of these hours, please see our ‘Out of Hours’ page on the website.

Since the Healthy Hearing Medical Clinic and Surgery also functions as a teaching hospital, we aim to provide our students with every opportunity to expose themselves to medicine in practice. Therefore we would like to encourage our patients to give their consent for a medical student to attend their consultations. If our patients are not comfortable with this, there will be a form at reception where patients will be able to opt out.

Now, please look at the map I’ve given you of the Healthy Hearing Medical Clinic and Surgery. For those not familiar with our practice, reception can be found through the main door at the end of the corridor. If your consultation is booked with Mr. Green, you need to go through the main door and turn right by the nurses’ desk, and his office is at the end of the corridor on your left-hand side. If you need to alter any of your personal details, please visit our secretary at the Office for Medical Records, which you will find next to the therapy room. If you’re awaiting surgery, please first check in with reception, before taking the first door on the right after you enter the clinic. Finally, in the event that you feel disappointed with any of the services we have provided, or have any further questions, please locate our Manager’s Office, which can be found near the Office for Medical Records and between two closets.

If you have any more questions about the Healthy Hearing Medical Clinic and Surgery, please do not hesitate to contact us on 01256 111 111. [fade out]

SECTION 3

Jim: Jane, what did you think of Professor Morgan’s lecture? I don’t know about you, but I find it incredibly difficult to believe that light influences the environment as much as he says. I’ve never seen any journal articles, websites or anything that verifies his argument. It’s stupid.

Jane: On the contrary, I’ve seen a great deal of research supporting his argument from a wide range of renowned scientists. Have you looked at the recommended textbook listed on the course outline given to us at the beginning of the semester? All the information is in there, perhaps you’ve just been looking in the wrong places.

Jim: I never look at the course outlines, I have so many loose sheets of paper I tend to lose anything I’m given by the end of the day. What’s the textbook they recommend, and where can I get it from? I should probably go buy it soon; I’m already behind in the course.

Jane: Yeah, you definitely should buy it, and our grades are more important this year! It’s called ‘The Influence of Light on the Environment’. You should be able to find it in the bookshop on campus. If not, they’ll order it within two weeks. In the meantime, you should read up on Ken Simpson’s work, he argues that in order to protect natural habitats, governments should endeavor to turn off lights in cities at night.

Jim: Well that’s controversial; I doubt any government would be willing to do that any time soon. I imagine roads would become quite dangerous without street lighting. For this issue, Dave Kepler suggests they could just replace the existing lights with more environmentally friendly bulbs. They could even install solar-powered lights; that way, roads will be more eco-friendly while maintaining safety. Although I guess they wouldn’t be particularly effective in colder countries, especially during the winter.

Jane: That’s quite a good idea actually. The price of solar power is supposed to be on par with electricity within the next few decades, and it was on the news this morning. I’ve also heard that, according to Sharon Grey, in countries with more sunlight, insect-eating animals tend to be smaller in size. Since there are fewer insects, and the remaining insects produced a smaller number of eggs.

Jim: Yeah, I think I read somewhere that sunlight also has a negative effect on the quality of water, but I’m not sure I believe it. In many hot countries, particularly developing countries, there is a lot of water pollution caused by factories rather than sunlight. Nevertheless, Maria Jackson says that in direct sunlight, the surface of the water becomes more translucent, therefore it affects the amount of sunlight that aquatic insects can absorb. Not much research has been undertaken to prove Jackson’s theory, but it seems to have been widely accepted anyway.

Jane: I’ve never heard of that. I’ll have to look it up on Google. The only other theory I’ve studied is Barbara Swallow’s study on how declined insect population adversely affects the frog population. Not that I’m complaining.. .1 hate insects, especially spiders.

Jim: You have arachnophobia? I never would have guessed. Didn’t your brother have a pet black widow spider?

Jane: Yes, he did, and I hated it. It escaped from its cage once and we never found it. I had nightmares for months.

Jane: Okay, now I’m getting goose bumps, let’s change the subject. What’s your stance on natural and artificial light?

Jim: Honestly, I’m not sure it makes much difference which one you use; species will die out either way. I think the real argument we should consider is global warming and protection or replacement of finite fuels. Solar power provides us with an incredible opportunity to replace electricity, and governments should definitely increase spending on research in this field. The theories discussed in our lectures, like Simpson’s and Grey’s, are so vague and lack proof, so I don’t understand why we even study them.

Jane: I see what you mean. I don’t like learning unsupported theories for exams, and I’d rather spend my time learning something else. For example, I’d be much more interested in studying the animals in safari parks than researching migratory birds, particularly the effect of tourists on the quality of life of animals. As we know, every year thousands of visitors will drive in their own vehicles or ride in vehicles provided by the facility to observe freely roaming animals.

Jim: Yeah, that would be really interesting! Especially those animals living in more tropical countries, like Borneo. Following on from that, I want to study how bringing animals over from foreign countries to put in our zoos affects their life expectancy. For example, do you remember when China sent pandas to Edinburgh Zoo? Apparently one of the pandas became depressed, but it was never explained why. To me, obviously, you can’t take an animal out of its natural habitat and put it in a cage on the other side of the world. It just doesn’t work... [fade out]

SECTION 4

Great Britain is often hailed as the home of football, with talented players travelling from far and wide to play for teams in the English Premier League -one of the most popular football leagues on the planet. Today we are going to take a look back to the 19th century Great Britain in an attempt to trace the evolution of ‘the beautiful game’ as it is now known.

Prior to the 19th century, the game featured a wide variety of local and regional adaptations, which were later smartened up and made more uniform to create our modern-day sports of association football, rugby football, and Ireland’s Gaelic football. Even up to the mid-19th century, Shrovetide football or ‘mob football’ was still widely practiced. According to the rules of mob football, there were no rules.. .a player could legally use any means whatsoever to obtain the ball, such as kicking, punching, biting and gouging, with the only exceptions being murder and manslaughter. These games may be regarded as the ancestors of modem codes of football, and by comparison with later models of football, they were chaotic and had few cooperation. Towards the latter end of the 19th century and moving into the early part of the 20th century, however, there appeared a new found emphasis on moral values in football. Perhaps a more modern example of this can be seen in John Terry’s suspension as England captain following reports of his infidelity to his wife. Furthermore, as mob football died away, there grew a greater concern for players’ health and general well-being, with many clubs affording their top players access to frequent medical check-ups and treatment. Despite the presence of Great Britain’s unique state-funded National Health Service, football clubs are still seen today providing team members with State-of-the-art healthcare facilities, with the top clubs even housing their own specialist doctors and physicians.

Today, football is a key feature of school children’s day-to-day education, particularly for boys. With the help of football associations, all schools in the UK are boasting their own football teams. This mainly comes as a result of pressure put on schools and the government by concerned parents, who felt that football education taught their children valuable lessons and indeed vital life skills, such as teamwork and the drive to succeed. Nowadays, many of the UK’s top football clubs provide training facilities and outreach programmes in an attempt to educate the nation’s aspiring youths.

As I previously mentioned, it was only during the 19th century that football in its uniform concept truly began to emerge, with footballers previously playing according to their own versions of the rules. However, it was not until the early 20th century that different players actually began to play according to these standardised rules. Prior to the 19th century, football was played by all the major English public schools including the likes of Eton College, Winchester College, and Harrow. In 1848 there was a meeting at Cambridge University in an attempt to lay down the laws of football. Present at the meeting were representatives of each of these major public schools, whom each brought a copy of the rules enforced by their own individual school’s rules of football. The result of the meeting was what is now known as the ‘Cambridge Rules’, thereby uniting the rules from across the country into one simple document. However, the Cambridge Rules were not liked by all, and a new set of rules, ‘Thring’s Rules’ compounded in the book ‘The Simplest Game’ became common place among dissenters.

Across the country, improvements in infrastructure and public transport had a knock on effect of dramatically increasing attendance to football games. Football quickly became a social event where spectators would meet friends, drink tea and chat about the good old days. As football became more and more popular, it was decided that more money should be invested in maintaining the quality of pitches amongst other things, and there was even talk of installing seating for spectators. However, the question of who was to foot the bill quickly became a divisive issue, with many believing that the government should fund football’s development as a national sport. But in the end, the onus fell upon Britain’s local and regional football clubs for the funding and development of the football association. They became responsible for the upkeep of football grounds, began to pay their best players a small salary, and organised competitions against other local and regional teams. And there began England’s Football Association, or the FA, as we know it in its current form, the governing body of football in England. As the FA continued to grow and accumulate greater wealth, it was able to attract more and more talented young men from across the country, before finally accepting professional talent in the early 20th century. Today, football is played at a professional level all over the world. Millions of people regularly go to football stadiums to follow their favourite teams, while billions more watch the game on television or on the Internet, [fade out]

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