IELTS Mock Test 2021 October
- Published on: 29 Oct 2021
- Tests taken: 399,082
Answer Keys:
Part 1: Question 1 - 13
- 1 hunting
- 2 overkill model
- 3 (hyperlethal) disease
- 4 empirical evidence
- 5 (considerable) climatic instability
- 6 geographical ranges
- 7 Younger Dryas event
- 8 A
- 9 B
- 10 A
- 11 B
- 12 B
- 13 C
- 1 hunting
- 2 overkill model
- 3 (hyperlethal) disease
- 4 empirical evidence
- 5 (considerable) climatic instability
- 6 geographical ranges
- 7 Younger Dryas event
- 8 A
- 9 B
- 10 A
- 11 B
- 12 B
- 13 C
Part 2: Question 14 - 27
- 14 A
- 15 D
- 16 B
- 17 D
- 18 C
- 19 B
- 20 D
- 21 A
- 22 workplace injury
- 23 16.6 weeks
- 24 7%
- 25 golf
- 26 massage
- 27 workloads
- 14 A
- 15 D
- 16 B
- 17 D
- 18 C
- 19 B
- 20 D
- 21 A
- 22 workplace injury
- 23 16.6 weeks
- 24 7%
- 25 golf
- 26 massage
- 27 workloads
Part 3: Question 28 - 40
- 28 D
- 29 C
- 30 B
- 31 D
- 32 NOT GIVEN
- 33 FALSE
- 34 NOT GIVEN
- 35 TRUE
- 37 D
- 36 C
- 38 B
- 39 E
- 40 A
- 28 D
- 29 C
- 30 B
- 31 D
- 32 NOT GIVEN
- 33 FALSE
- 34 NOT GIVEN
- 35 TRUE
- 37 D
- 36 C
- 38 B
- 39 E
- 40 A
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| 7 | Grace Hu |  | 9.0 | 17:09 |
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Review & Explanations:
Questions 1-7
Complete the following summary of the paragraphs of Reading Passage, using NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS from the Reading Passage for each answer.
Write your answers in boxes 1-7 on your answer sheet.
- 1 Answer: hunting
Key words in questions:
The reason why had big size mammals become extinct 11,000 years ago is under hot debate. First explanation is that 1________ of human made it happen.
Similar words in passage:
Some 11,000 years ago, however, these large-bodied mammals and others – about 70 species in all – disappeared….
Now new findings offer support to one of these controversial hypotheses: that human hunting drove this megafaunal menagerie to extinction.
From the question, we can assume that the answer may be a Noun
+ Just take a look at the sentence: “Some 11,000 years ago, however, these large-bodied mammals and others – about 70 species in all – disappeared.”, this sentence contains the keywords relating to the question => The answer must be somewhere near this sentence.
+ Understanding the idea in the question, the answer is placed in “support to one of these controversial hypotheses: that human hunting drove this megafaunal menagerie to extinction”.
We choose “hunting” as the correct answer for this question.
- 2 Answer: overkill model
Key words in questions:
This so called 2.___________ began from 1960s suggested by an expert, who however received criticism of lack of further information.
Similar words in passage:
The overkill model emerged in the 1960s, when it was put forth by Paul S. Martin of the University of Arizona.
From the question, we can assume that the answer may be a Noun
+ Just take a look at the sentence: “The overkill model emerged in the 1960s”, this sentence contains all two key words in the question => the answer must be somewhere in this sentence
We choose “overkill model” as the correct answer for this question.
- 3 Answer: (hyperlethal) disease
Key words in questions:
Another assumption promoted by MacPhee is that deadly 3.__________ from human causes their demises.
Similar words in passage:
MacPhee agrees that humans most likely brought about these extinctions (as well as others around the world that coincided with human arrival), but not directly. Rather he suggests that people may have introduced hyperlethal disease , perhaps through their dogs or hitchhiking vermin, which then spread wildly among the immunologically naive species of the New World
From the question, we can assume that the answer may be a Noun
+ Just take a look at the sentence: “Rather he suggests that people may have introduced hyperlethal disease , perhaps through their dogs or hitchhiking vermin, which then spread wildly among the immunologically naive species of the New World”, this sentence confirms that “people introduced hyperlethal disease… and then spreadly wildly among species”
We choose “hyperlethal disease” as the correct answer for this question.
- 4 Answer: empirical evidence
Key words in questions:
However his hypothesis required more 4________ to testify its validity.
Similar words in passage:
So far MacPhee does not have empirical evidence for the hyperdisease hypothesis, and it won’t be easy to come by: hyperlethal disease would kill far too quickly to leave its signature on the bones themselves.
+ Just take a look at the sentence: “So far MacPhee does not have empirical evidence for the hyperdisease hypothesis”, this sentence has same meaning with the question.
We choose “empirical evidence” as the correct answer for this question.
- 5 Answer: (considerable) climatic instability
Key words in questions:
Graham proposed a third hypothesis that 5______ in Pleistocene epoch….
Similar words in passage:
The third explanation for what brought on this North American extinction does not involvehuman beings. Instead its proponents blame the loss on the weather. The Pleistocene epoch witnessed considerable climatic instability , explains paleontologist Russell W. Graham of the Denver Museum of Nature and Science.
+ Just take a look at the sentence: “The Pleistocene epoch witnessed considerable climatic instability , explains paleontologist Russell W. Graham of the Denver Museum of Nature and Science.”, this sentence has same meaning with the question.
We choose “considerable climatic instability” as the correct answer for this question.
- 6 Answer: geographical ranges
Key words in questions:
….. reduced 6_______ posed a dangerous signal to these giants
Similar words in passage:
The Pleistocene epoch witnessed considerable climatic instability, explains paleontologist Russell W. Graham of the Denver Museum of Nature and Science. As a result, certain habitats disappeared, and species that had once formed communities split apart. For some animals, this change brought opportunity. For much of the megafauna, however, the increasingly homogeneous environment left them with shrinking geographical ranges – a death sentence for large animals, which need large ranges.
+ Just take a look at the sentence: “For much of the megafauna, however, the increasingly homogeneous environment left them with shrinking geographical ranges – a death sentence for large animals, which need large ranges”, this sentence contains key words in the question => the answer must be somewhere in this sentence.
We choose “geographical ranges” as the correct answer for this question.
- 7 Answer: Younger Dryas event
Key words in questions:
and 7_______ finally wiped them out.
Similar words in passage:
Although these creatures managed to maintain viable populations through most of the Pleistocene, the final major fluctuation – the so-called Younger Dryas event – pushed them over the edge, Graham says.
+ Just take a look at the sentence: “the final major fluctuation – the so-called Younger Dryas event – pushed them over the edge, Graham says.”, this sentence contains key words in the question => the answer must be somewhere in this sentence.
We choose “Younger Dryas event” as the correct answer for this question.
Questions 8-13
Use the information in the passage to match the people (listed A-C) with opinions or deeds below.
Write the appropriate letters A-C in boxes 8-13 on your answer sheet.
NB you may use any letter more than once.
| A | John Alroy |
| B | Ross D.E. MacPhee |
| C | Russell W. Graham |
8 Human hunting well explained which species would finally disappear.
9 Further grounded proof needed to explain human’s indirect impact on mammals
10 Over hunting situation has caused die-out of large mammals.
11 Illness rather than hunting caused extensive extinction.
12 Doubt raised through the study of several fossil records.
13 Climate shift is the main reason of extinction.
- 8 Answer: A
Human hunting well explained which species would finally disappear.
Reading sentences in the end of paragraph F,
“For his part, Alroy is convinced that human hunters demolished the titans of the Ice Age. The overkill model explains everything the disease and climate scenarios explain, he asserts, and makes accurate predictions about which species would eventually go extinct.”
- 9 Answer: B
Further grounded proof needed to explain human’s indirect impact on mammals
In the beginning of paragraph E, you could see that:
“MacPhee agrees that humans most likely brought about these extinctions (as well as others around the world that coincided with human arrival), but not directly…. So far MacPhee does not have empirical evidence for the hyperdisease hypothesis”
Indirect = not directly
Further grounded proof needed = does not have empirical evidence.
It refers to Ross D. E. MacPhee – B is the correct answer
Answer: B
- 10 Answer: A
Over hunting situation has caused die-out of large mammals.
After reading paragraph C,
“Alroy determined that if each band of, say, 50 people killed 15 to 20 large mammals a year, humans could have eliminated the animal populations within 1,000 years”
“50 people killed 15 to 20 large mammals a year” refers to meaning “over hunting”
Could have eliminated animal within 1000 years ( loại bỏ dần trong 1000 nam) = has caused die- out ( dẫn đến chết dần)
It is John Alroy’s opinion – A is the correct answer
Answer: A
- 11 Answer: B
Illness rather than hunting caused extensive extinction.
“Rather he suggests that people may have introduced hyperlethal disease , perhaps through their dogs or hitchhiking vermin, which then spread wildly among the immunologically naive species of the New World.
“He” refers to Ross D.E. MacPhee
Illness = disease
Extensive extinction = spread wildly
It is Ross D. E. MacPhee’s opinion – B is the correct answer
- 12 Answer: B
Doubt raised through the study of several fossil records.
“But a more specificcriticism comes from mammalogist Ross D. E. MacPhee of the American Museum of Natural History in New York City, who points out that the relevant archaeological record contains barely a dozen examples of stone points embedded in mammoth bones”
Doubt raised = specific criticism
Fossil = stone embedded in mammoth bones.
It is Ross D. E. MacPhee’s opinion – B is the correct answer
- 13 Answer: C
Climate shift is the main reason of extinction.
In the beginning of paragraph F,
This sentence “The third explanation for what brought on this North American extinction does not involve human beings. Instead its proponents blame the loss on the weather. The Pleistocene epoch witnessed considerable climatic instability , explains paleontologist Russell W. Graham of the Denver Museum of Nature and Science” shows that “climatic instability” is the reason of extinction.
Note:
Only Graham mentioned “climate” for the explanation of extinction
It is Russell W. Graham’s opinion – C is the correct answer.
READING PASSAGE 1
You should spend about 20 minutes on Questions 1-13, which are based on Reading Passage 1 below.
Mammoth kill
A mammoth is any species of the extinct genus Mammuthus, proboscideans commonly equipped with long, curved tusks and, in northern species, a covering of long hair. They lived from the Pliocene epoch (from around 5 million years ago) into the Holocene at about 4,500 years ago, and were members of the family Elephantidae, which contains, along with mammoths, the two genera of modern elephants and their ancestors.
A Like their modern relatives, mammoths were quite large. The largest known species reached heights in the region of 4 m at the shoulder and weights of up to 8 tonnes, while exceptionally large males may have exceeded 12 tonnes. However, most species of mammoth were only about as large as a modern Asian elephant. Both sexes bore tusks. A first, small set appeared at about the age of six months, and these were replaced at about 18 months by the permanent set. Growth of the permanent set was at a rate of about 2.5 to 15.2 cm per year. Based on studies of their close relatives, the modern elephants, mammoths probably had a gestation period of 22 months, resulting in a single calf being born. Their social structure was probably the same as that of African and Asian elephants, with females living in herds headed by a matriarch, whilst bulls lived solitary lives or formed loose groups after sexual maturity.
B MEXICO CITY – Although it’s hard to imagine in this age of urban sprawl and automobiles, North America once belonged to mammoths, camels, ground sloths as large as cows, bear-size beavers and other formidable beasts. Some 11,000 years ago, however, these large-bodied mammals and others – about 70 species in all – disappeared. Their demise coincided roughly with the arrival of humans in the New World and dramatic climatic change – factors that have inspired several theories about the die-off. Yet despite decades of scientific investigation, the exact cause remains a mystery. Now new findings offer support to one of these controversial hypotheses: that human hunting drove this megafaunal menagerie to extinction. The overkill model emerged in the 1960s, when it was put forth by Paul S. Martin of the University of Arizona. Since then, critics have charged that no evidence exists to support the idea that the first Americans hunted to the extent necessary to cause these extinctions. But at the annual meeting of the Society of Vertebrate Paleontology in Mexico City last October, paleoecologist John Alroy of the University of California at Santa Barbara argued that, in fact, hunting-driven extinction is not only plausible, it was unavoidable. He has determined, using a computer simulation, that even a very modest amount of hunting would have wiped these animals out.
C Assuming an initial human population of 100 people that grew no more than 2 percent annually, Alroy determined that if each band of, say, 50 people killed 15 to 20 large mammals a year, humans could have eliminated the animal populations within 1,000 years. Large mammals in particular would have been vulnerable to the pressure because they have longer gestation periods than smaller mammals and their young require extended care.
D Not everyone agrees with Alroy’s assessment. For one, the results depend in part on population-size estimates for the extinct animals – figures that are not necessarily reliable. But a more specific criticism comes from mammalogist Ross D. E. MacPhee of the American Museum of Natural History in New York City, who points out that the relevant archaeological record contains barely a dozen examples of stone points embedded in mammoth bones (and none, it should be noted, are known from other megafaunal remains) – hardly what one might expect if hunting drove these animals to extinction. Furthermore, some of these species had huge ranges – the giant Jefferson’s ground sloth, for example, lived as far north as the Yukon and as far south as Mexico – which would have made slaughtering them in numbers sufficient to cause their extinction rather implausible, he says.
E MacPhee agrees that humans most likely brought about these extinctions (as well as others around the world that coincided with human arrival), but not directly. Rather he suggests that people may have introduced hyperlethal disease, perhaps through their dogs or hitchhiking vermin, which then spread wildly among the immunologically naive species of the New World. As in the overkill model, populations of large mammals would have a harder time recovering. Repeated outbreaks of a hyperdisease could thus quickly drive them to the point of no return. So far MacPhee does not have empirical evidence for the hyperdisease hypothesis, and it won’t be easy to come by: hyperlethal disease would kill far too quickly to leave its signature on the bones themselves. But he hopes that analyses of tissue and DNA from the last mammoths to perish will eventually reveal murderous microbes.
F The third explanation for what brought on this North American extinction does not involve human beings. Instead its proponents blame the loss on the weather. The Pleistocene epoch witnessed considerable climatic instability, explains paleontologist Russell W. Graham of the Denver Museum of Nature and Science. As a result, certain habitats disappeared, and species that had once formed communities split apart. For some animals, this change brought opportunity. For much of the megafauna, however, the increasingly homogeneous environment left them with shrinking geographical ranges – a death sentence for large animals, which need large ranges. Although these creatures managed to maintain viable populations through most of the Pleistocene, the final major fluctuation – the so-called Younger Dryas event – pushed them over the edge, Graham says. For his part, Alroy is convinced that human hunters demolished the titans of the Ice Age. The overkill model explains everything the disease and climate scenarios explain, he asserts, and makes accurate predictions about which species would eventually go extinct. “Personally, I’m a vegetarian,” he remarks, “and I find all of this kind of gross – but believable.”
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Comments:
The give chart provides Information about the amount of waste produced by company A, company B and company C from 2000 to 2015.
It can be clearly seen that the amount of waste in company C increased while the amount of waste in company A decreased throughout the period.
Looking at the grap in more details, the amount of waste in company A declined moderately to about 9 between 2000 and 2010. There was a slight drop in this at about 8 in 2015. The amount of waste in company B went up sharply from around 8.5 to 10 over the following five years. The company B experienced significant decrease to 3 in 2020.
According the line graph, there was a steep growth in the amount of waste in company C at approximately 6 over a period of 5 years. In the year 2010, company C witnessed minimal rise at nearly 7. This grew markedly to almost 10 between 2010 to 2015.
The three pie charts below show the change in annual spending by a particular UK school in 1981,1991 and 2001.
The graphs illustrates the change for a United Kingdom school in the three years in 1981, 1982, and 1983.
Overall, we can clearly observe that over the period expenditure most in staff salaries. However, furniture as well as equipment increased rapidly and drops expenditure on things such as books and workers salaries.
In the three years, the greatest expenditure was on staff salaries,but while other workers salaries say a fall from 28% in 1981 to only 15% in 2001 . In the three years teachers pay demand the biggest cost reaching 50% total spending in 1991 and ending 45% in 2001.
Expenditure on resources like furniture as well as equipment to 15% by 1981 which increased dramatically to 23 percentage in ending years. Nevertheless, books was 20 proportion in 1991, which significant fall in 2001 from 9 %. The total spending of insurance rose minimally over the period.
More and more people start to succumb for drugs. What the causes of this phenomenon? Gave your solutions for this factor.
On the last time in various countries consuming the drugs becoming increasingly common among youth and adults. In this essay I will try to release the causes of this factor and present some remedies. First of all, it should be noted that approximately whole problems are cause by older generation. They convey misbehavior in form of that they experience necessary feelings to consume smoking either drinking that gradually switch to addiction and based on this younger generation see the pattern after which they succumb to try all of these mentioned above stuffs. Second reason may liie on the TV series, particularly in series such friends or euphoria where drugs mentioned not in less measure. Eventually, the plight retain also in the surrounding of humankind that force to them try such things like drugs to be able fight setbacks in their life individuals believe in refusing from them from this way. I consider the way out of these problems especially lies on the family side. They should have sense of responsibility when they show negative impacts for their children, take care about child mental statement to avoid of such events in the future life. second not less paramount solution is preventing the various illustrations about drugs in the movies that deteriorate right minds of individuals. Certainly people can not influence to fix others, however to beginning with they should to rise to the right way themselves after that no one can be the initiator for your businesses. Consequently, I infer humankind have a capacity to changing and transformation of their own life solely by rejection of the destroying things.
New technologies have changed the way children spend their free time . Do you think the advantages of this trend outweigh the disadvantages?
In recent years, new technologies like smartphones, tablets and gaming consoles have become ubiquitous , even among children. As a result , the way children spend their leisure time has been drastically altered .While this change has brought about both benefits and drawbacks , I believe that the advantages of this trend outweigh the disadvantages.
On the one hand, it is true that technology has its own downsides when it comes to kids. For instance, excessive screen time has been linked to poor sleep quality, impaired cognitive development , and increased risk of obesity. Children who spend too much time in front of screen may also find it too difficult to engage in other important activities such as sports, socializing with peers , and reading. Moreover, the internet can expose young people to inappropriate content, cyberbullying, and online predators.
On the other hand, there are several advantages to children spending their free time on technology. First and foremost, the use of technology devices can help develop crucial skills such as problem solving, critical thinking, and digital literacy . Many educational apps , games , and videos are available , which can enhance learning and encourage creativity. Additionally, technology provides an opportunity for social connection through online gaming communities, video chatting , and social media platforms. In today's world , where virtual communication has become increasingly important , technology enables children to stay in touch with friends and family who live far away.
In conclusion, while technology has some negative impacts on children's leisure time, its benefits outweigh its drawbacks. As long as parents monitor their children's screen time and ensure they engage in variety of activities , technology can be valuable tool for learning and socializing . Therefore , it is essential for parents and educators to embrace new technologies and encourage their responsible use among children.
Nowadays,more and more technical advertisements are spread around every place all over the world. Due to these developed technologies, most of the companies can advertise their products easier than before. I definitely agree to this point that advertising plays as a crucial role in our social lives.
If we were back to 19th century, not many advertisements were not known much and not as popular as in current time. Take us for example,
the advertisements in that time was very simple such as using only the cartoons charactors,
just encoding the main points for the products and using long theme songs for one advertisements. In the contrary, these ways could not be affected obviously to attract the people's mind to purchase their products. Why it could not be succeeded is that there were few houses owned the televisions for watching such kinds of advertisements.
Compared with such that time, today's system of advertisements are huge different dramatically. For example, the ways of advertisements are not conventional since many websites and social networks are influenced among the people's daliy life.The first point is everything can be chose and purchased smoothly with one touch on screen. Thousands of companies strive to get the high selling targets as much as they can by inserting their ads in social medias, creation their own pages and attracting with more or less amount of giveaways for subscribing their pages. Furthermore, advertising with the top celebrities is one of the ways to penetrate the marketing network. Seventy percents of people obsess about famous top stars so that the advertisements with them are able to influence the people's mind to buy the products which they advertise.The main point is that we can save our precious time by ordering the things we need from home without wasting time and energy. How splendid it is!
Taking all into account, it is more convinced to be one of the top sellers due to these developed technologies such as social networks. May be it was hard to sell even one thing to the customer.
Nevertheless, there is nothing to worry about the new products to be in the hands of the cosumers.
Through many ages, all of the situations and circumstances are transmitted from time to time.
Today many individuals think that children's parents should put restriction on their watching TV and playing video games routine and they should spend more time for read books. I totally agree with this statement because TV and video games are not very useful for children and books on the other hand are highly important for their study.
To begin with playing video games and watching TV are not useful for children because they put bad affect on eyesight as they spend more time on TV and video games. When they watch TV and playing video games, then they do not take food properly and they do not do study properly.For example, in India most three children come from their school they start watching TV and play video games due to this they lost their interest in study.As a result in coma, they cannot complete their study in good grade and they can decrease their eyesight and cannot do work properly in the future.
However, these days books are provide more knowledge to children or any person. Books are very beneficial for children because books are decrease stress and gain knowledge of children. Many type of books such as:. Poetry books, comic books, knowledgeable books, and scientific books are available in the market or libraries . For example, in the foreign country, some children gave preference to read books,they are get knowledge and start their big business in teenage and early settled in their life. Resultantly coma, reading books are very knowledgeable rather than watching TV and playing video games because books provide a discipline and knowledge to children.
In conclusion, children should read books rather than watching TV and playing video games because reading books, give more knowledge to children and watching TV and playing video games are not useful, these waste their precious time. So they can't achieve their goal in their life. If children spend more time on watching TV and playing video games, parents should prevent from this bad habit.
nowadays, children spend their most of time for playing games and no enough time for physical activitiesCurrently, most of the children’s spending thier time in video play on mobile devices and also playing game on computers, because new generation, nowadays they interest in mobile games and aslo playing movies on tv its is not essential for students, so i disagree with that. on the other hand. students who spend their time on physical activities like they playing games on outside and they are mentally and physically fit because, physically activity is more better then spending time on mobile devices.
so,i disagree with that. In my opinion,children spend thier time in physical activities,moreover when they most of time in physical activities they are fully fit and thier health is aslo good.
As we know that, technology has increasing day by day and it has made our life too much easier and comfortable. However, many researchers says that in future all transportation vehicles will be automatic drive and when travelling inside these only passengers without driver. According to me, I think it has some cons and some pros so that before commitment on my opinion I will explain my thought in this essay.
First of all, driverless travelling is a good idea because people can easily reach on their destination without driving and they don’t have trouble in future. Moreover, nowadays many people used to cars, truck and public transportation like bus, so that traffic has also increased and people stuck in traffic jam. In this situation people have to face many difficulties while driving these vehicles but when it will become a driverless people will seat inside car and enjoy with friends and family and they also will not feel bored.
On the other side, it has many drawbacks for human beings such as, many people not interested in this offer because they are not take any risk while travelling in car, truck or buses without driver. Automatic transportation will become riskier for us especially for youngsters. They like to drive faster and with automatic they will want to travelling like a flying. In addition, In my country, many individuals earn money on the basis driving. Therefore, if it become driverless they lost their earring platform.
In conclusion, I believe that it’s disadvantage of driverless vehicles outweigh the advantages because it’s become a riskier and people have to chances to lost their job as a driver.
In this contemporary epoch, it is vehemently true that the extreme amount of traffic have been created difficulties in not only few cities but in globe. The impending paragraphs intends to give a brief explanation of notions along with my personal whim.
Commencing with the paragraph, it reckons that due to extreme traffic jam the utter hustle and bustle have been created on paths. Ironically, it causes a lot of pollution in all over world. Firstly, a huge proportion of chronic disease have became a part of this reason. For instance, health organization inculcate that 85% of fetal disease are occuring due to the pollution cause by traffic. Moreover, accidents is the second major hardship for citizens. There are countless individuals who have lost there kith and kins in road accidents. However, most of the cases happens only because of the huge disturbance or traffic on the main roads and highways.
To conclude, it is a vital problem for all over world . So, individuals should be cooperative and should also give their support in controlling it. In addition to it, if more quicker Government will take these initiative steps than more rapidly the problems and hardships faced by traffic jam will fade.
How can i get my writing part valued?