In “causes and effects” type of essay, IELTS examiners want you to discuss the causes or reasons of the problem in one paragraph.The likely effects of that problem in the second paragraph separately. Therefore, it is important that you find out relevant points of causes (reasons) and effects for IELTS Writing . Please note that in this question, you should not make any paragraph about solutions.
Let’s look at an example:
Obesity in children is a serious problem in a number of countries.
What are the causes of obesity in children?
Discuss the possible alarming effects of this problem in the future.
Solution:
With this type of essay, you have two points to be discussed:
1. Causes of obesity in children in developed countries.
2. Effects of obesity in the future in developed countries.
You must discuss both of them by giving reasons and support them with examples.
If you do not discuss any of the above two points in the essay, you will lose marks.
So, in this type of essay, you must explain both the points.
How to structure it?
The essay can be structured mainly in 4 paragraphs as follows:
Introduction
Causes & Reasons
Effects
Conclusion
Further structuring of the paragraphs can be done as follows:
a. Introduction
Paraphrase the Question
Outline the sentence
b. -Body Paragraph 1 (Causes (reasons))
State the cause (reason)
Explain how it is the cause (reason)
Write an example
c. (Effects)
State the likely effect
Explain how this can be the possible effect
Write an example
d. Conclusion
Sentence 1- Write summary of the main points
Here, Four paragraphs are sufficient to explain your point of view. So,You may use any other structure you are comfortable with.This structure is approved by the IELTS examiners to help the students write in an effective and cohesive manner.
Sample Question:
Also, You should spend about 40 minutes on this task.
Write about the following topic:
Obesity in children is a serious problem in a number of countries.
What are the causes of obesity in children?
Discuss the possible alarming effects of this problem in the future.
Here, Give reasons for your answer and include any relevant examples from your own knowledge or experience.
Write at least 250 words.
Sample Answer:
Here, Over the past few years, developed countries have encountered various cases of children suffering from the problem of obesity. This essay will discuss the possible causes for this increasing problem among children and also suggests the possible consequences that may result in case of negligence.
Furthermore, To embark upon, one of the main causes of obesity among children is poor diet as they are often seen eating junk food. At almost every corner of the street, one can found restaurants offering mouth tempting fast foods. Kids at home also are found to eat processed food because their parents do not find sufficient time for preparing the food. For example, packaged foods are purchased and kept in fridge for days. This food is not fresh and healthy. Hence affects their health, leading to build up of fat and compromising their fitness.
As a result, there are many possible consequences faced by the children. One such ill-effect is the risk of developing health related severe diseases like diabetes. So,This kind of debilitating illness implies that the child would need to be injected with insulin for the whole life. Moreover, overweight children are often found to be bullied . For example, many overweight kids are found disturbed facing the negative stigma of being obese
Here,On the whole, it is evident that there are various causes responsible for obesity among children and can lead to serious consequences in the future. Also, It is the duty of their parents and relatives to ensure that appropriate steps are taken to prevent this problem from getting worst in the future.
(279 words)
Vocabulary and Phrases:
Useful vocabulary for Causes (Reasons)
- One of the causes/The reason is that
- Because/Since
- Due to this/Because of/Owing to/Lead to
- As a result/Lead to the problem/Can attribute to
Useful vocabulary for Effects
- Consequence of/As a result of/Because of/Due to
- Make/Create/Change/Effect/Affect/Result
- Risk of/Leading to
Exercise:
Write an essay of about 250 words on the following topics. Use the vocabulary mentioned above.
1. Also,There are a number of skin-whitening products available in the market. State the reasons why people are using these products? Discuss the possible negative outcomes of using these products.
2. Here,With the advancement of technology, social interaction among people has affected to a greater extent. What are the reasons of reduced social interaction? Suggest whether this would lead to a positive or negative effect in the future.
3. So,Almost everybody nowadays is found using personal vehicle for travelling purpose. What are the reasons of this increasing trend? Explain what negative outcomes may be faced in the society due to this.
Comments:
Strict rules for controlling noise are debatable. Some people argue extreme laws must be applied to control the disturbing sound a person harsh others. The essay will discuss the positives and negatives of implementing these rules in social life.
First of all, applying strict rules in social communities may improve human productivity. It can happen because people give more time and space to put more concentration on the job or tasks without getting disturbance things. Apart from that, this law's implementation may keep the mental health of people stay healthy. For example, the United Nations of Health reported people who live near noisy area is three times more vulnerable to getting mental health problem rather than others in quiet area. Moreover, this application can assist the government to reduce suicide accidents in a country.
On the other side, the implementation of extreme laws against noise might increase the expenditure on building and renovating houses. In other words, people have to buy soundproofing materials which are expensive and take up more space in the building. Furthermore, these strict rules also may limit people to socialize. For instance, In Japan, people who want to create a party or celebration at home must get permits from neighbors and local authorities. It means the rules are possible to make people anti social.
In conclusion, the application of stric rules in social communities are having outweight advantages rather than disadvantages. This could be more suitable to apply to the communities as long as the local authorities and residents are commit to implement the laws.
The bar charts represent how long-married couples in three different categories spend time on unpaid activities per week. There are three activities that observe in this survey; childcare, housework, and gardening. Overall, it is abundantly clear that married women have the highest average of unpaid work over categories rather than men. In addition, the female's average spending time on unpaid job increase gradually based on how many children she has, while the male has a short time on those activities.
Taking a closer look at the graph, in without children categories, females spend 30 hours every week or around 10 hours more than males. When the couple has 1-2 children, the average hours of married women doing unpaid jobs are increased to around 21 hours per week, while married men are spent time under 20 hours. This condition still continues when they have 3 or more, Females have a long time the unpaid activities with 60 hours every week, however, males average spending hours are got stuck under 20 hours.
The chart illustrates the average hours of unpaid work done by male and female in different activities such as child care in the home , housework and gardening per week.
Overall,the married women works more than married men.When the number of children increased so the rate of working unpaid hours rise propotionally in case of married women and decreased steeply in case of married men.
When a couple don't have a children then the average of married men which is slightly lower than married women. However , it has increased when the number of children increased.
So when a couple have 1-2 children then so the average work done by women and men which is 52 hours and 18 hours in a week .
Although ,when there is more than 3 children ,the average hours increased significantly and which is the highest among all the other categories and reached to 60 hours per week and still the working hours of men declined steadly .
the diagram gives information about average of hours spent by different categories of people without getting paid. where on y axis and x axis illustrate number of hours and different categories of people respectively. blue bar indicating married women and red bar represents married men
overall married women with three or more children spent most unpaid hours and women with no children spent least hours without gating paid; but in married mens case the the amount of unpaid hours spent is quite linear with married men with no children spending slightly more.
to begin with married women spent almost 1 day without getting paid in comparing with men as most of the women are housewife's working in all kinds of household activities such chores, cleanning, gardning, etc also women with children have to spend more time in tacking care for her child where as married men have to work to get finincial support for his family
both gender are working similar hours but working at your own house does not get you any pay
The bar graph provides information about average hours of unpaid household work to like childcare in the home and gardening done by married men and married women per week in different categories.
By having an overview, married women with more than 3 children do the highest amount of unpaid work. In contrast, the least hours of unpaid housework is done by married women with no children.
First of all, the majority of unpaid hours of housework per week in all the categories is carried out by married women than married men. Married women with no children do the least hours of homework which is 30 hours per week. However, 60 hours of housework is done by women with 3 plus children which is the highest. 52 hours of unpaid work per week is done by women with 1 to 2 children.
On the other hand, married men without children and with 2 children did similar hours of unpaid housework 18 hours per week. 16 hours of homework was done by men with 3 plus children.
The chart delineates the mean number of household works per week done by both married males and married females by the three different categories: without children, with one or two, and with three and more children. Looking from an overall perspective, it is readily apparent that for women, the number of working hour increase as the number of children increase with them, while the number of works decreases for men if they have a maximum number of children.
Women work on average 30 hours if they do not have any children. The number surges to over 50 while they have 1 or 2 children in their family and their work is doubled by 60 hours if they have three or more children.
In contrast, there is no change in working hours by around 18 until they have 1 or 2 children, even though this number decreases by about 16 hours if they have three or more children.
The chart delineates the mean number of household works per week done by both males and females who are married by the three different categories which are without offspring, with 1-2, and with 3+ children. Looking from an overall perspective it is readily apparent that for women, the number of working hour increase as the number of children increase with them, while, the number of works decreases for men if they have a maximum number of children.
For women, they work on average 30 hours if they don’t have any children. The number surge to over 50 while they have 1 or 2 children in their family and their work is get doubled by 60 hours if they have 3 or more children.
In contrast, there is no change in working hours by around 18 till they have 1 or 2 children, even though this number decrease by about 16 hours if they have 3 or more children with them.