1. Start-up:

   • A newly established business venture, typically characterized by innovation and growth potential.

2. Entrepreneurship:

   • The activity of setting up and running a business with the aim of making a profit.

3. Business Plan:

   • A written document outlining the goals, strategies, and financial forecasts for a start-up.

4. Innovation:

   • Introducing new ideas, products, or methods to the market.

5. Market Research:

   • The process of gathering and analyzing information about a target market.

6. Feasibility Study:

   • An assessment of the viability and potential success of a business idea.

7. Target Audience:

   • The specific group of people that a product or service is intended for.

8. Value Proposition:

   • The unique value that a product or service offers to customers.

9. Competitive Advantage:

   • Factors that set a business apart from its competitors.

10. Funding:

    • The financial resources required to start and operate a business.

11. Investor:

    • A person or entity that provides funding to a start-up in exchange for ownership or equity.

12. Pitch:

    • A presentation of a business idea to potential investors or stakeholders.

13. Prototype:

    • A working model of a product that is used for testing and development.

14. MVP (Minimum Viable Product):

    • The most basic version of a product that still meets the needs of early customers.

15. Scaling:

    • The process of growing and expanding a start-up to reach a larger market.

16. Revenue:

    • The income generated from sales of products or services.

17. Profit:

    • The amount remaining after deducting expenses from revenue.

18. Break-even Point:

    • The point at which a company's total revenue equals its total expenses.

19. Marketing Strategy:

    • The plan for promoting and selling a product or service.

20. Customer Acquisition:

    • The process of gaining new customers.

21. Customer Retention:

    • Strategies to keep existing customers and encourage repeat business.

22. ROI (Return on Investment):

    • The measure of the profitability of an investment.

23. Cash Flow:

    • The movement of money in and out of a business.

24. Bootstrapping:

    • Starting and growing a business without external funding.

25. Leverage:

    • Using borrowed funds or other resources to increase the potential return on investment.

26. Partnership:

    • A business structure where two or more individuals share ownership and responsibilities.

27. Legal Entity:

    • The formal structure under which a business operates (e.g., sole proprietorship, LLC, corporation).

28. Intellectual Property:

    • Legal rights to inventions, designs, or creative works.

29. Trademark:

    • A distinctive sign or symbol that identifies a product or service.

30. Patent:

    • Exclusive rights granted to an inventor for a new invention.

31. Copyright:

    • Legal protection for original works of authorship.

32. Niche Market:

    • A small and specialized segment of the market.

33. Disruption:

    • The process by which a new product or service displaces established competitors.

34. Pivot:

    • Changing the direction of a business based on customer feedback or market changes.

35. B2B (Business-to-Business):

    • The exchange of products or services between businesses.

36. B2C (Business-to-Consumer):

    • The exchange of products or services between businesses and individual customers.

37. SWOT Analysis:

    • An assessment of a business's strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats.

38. Angel Investor:

    • An individual who provides capital to start-ups in exchange for equity ownership.

39. Venture Capitalist:

    • A firm or individual that invests in start-ups and small businesses with high growth potential.

40. Boot Camp:

    • Intensive training or mentorship programs for start-up founders.

These vocabulary words will help you discuss the different aspects of the start-up process, including planning, financing, marketing, and growth strategies. Best of luck with your IELTS preparation!