Answer Keys:
Part 1: Question 1 - 13
- 1 G
- 2 C
- 3 B
- 4 D
- 5 B
- 6 B
- 7 A
- 8 C
- 9 TRUE
- 10 FALSE
- 11 NOT GIVEN
- 12 TRUE
- 13 NOT GIVEN
Answer Keys
- 1 G
- 2 C
- 3 B
- 4 D
- 5 B
- 6 B
- 7 A
- 8 C
- 9 TRUE
- 10 FALSE
- 11 NOT GIVEN
- 12 TRUE
- 13 NOT GIVEN
Part 2: Question 14 - 26
- 14 C
- 15 A
- 16 B
- 17 B
- 18 customers
- 19 public relation skills
- 20 museology
- 21 tourist attractions
- 22 23 A,D
- 24 26 B,C,E
Answer Keys
- 14 C
- 15 A
- 16 B
- 17 B
- 18 customers
- 19 public relation skills
- 20 museology
- 21 tourist attractions
- 22 23 A,D
- 24 26 B,C,E
Part 3: Question 27 - 40
- 27 H
- 28 L
- 29 A
- 30 C
- 31 F
- 32 D
- 33 C
- 34 A
- 35 B
- 36 TRUE
- 37 FALSE
- 38 TRUE
- 39 FALSE
- 40 NOT GIVEN
Answer Keys
- 27 H
- 28 L
- 29 A
- 30 C
- 31 F
- 32 D
- 33 C
- 34 A
- 35 B
- 36 TRUE
- 37 FALSE
- 38 TRUE
- 39 FALSE
- 40 NOT GIVEN
Questions 1-4
The Reading Passage has seven paragraphs A-G
Which paragraph contains the following information?
Write the correct letter A-G, in boxes 1-4 on your answer sheet.
1 IQ is just one single factor of human characteristics.
2 Discussion of the methodology behind Professor Stern’s test.
3 Inadequacy of IQ test from Binet.
4 The definition of IQ was created by a professor.
- 1 Answer: G
Keywords in Questions
Similar words in Passage
Q1:
IQ is just one single factor of human characteristics.
The entire paragraph G
Note:
There are many other factors of human characteristics that are equally important such as specific abilities, anxiety, extroversion, emotional stability, compatibility, with a marriage partner, and so on.
Answer: G - IQ is just one single factor of human characteristics.
- 2 Answer: C
Keywords in Questions
Similar words in Passage
Q2:
Discussion of the methodology behind Professor Stern’s test.
So in 1912, Wilhelm Stern suggested simplifying this by reducing the two to a single number, he divided the mental age by the physical age and multiplied the result by 100. An average child, irrespective of age, would score 100. A number much lower than 100 would suggest the need for help, and one much higher would suggest a child well ahead of his peer.
Note:
Paragraph B discusses different usages of Alfred Binet’s original test.
Paragraph C discusses how Wilhelm Stern simplified Binet’s test to adapt to a wider range of criteria by changing the method of calculation.
Answer: C - Discussion of the methodology behind Professor Stern’s test.
- 3 Answer: B
Keywords in Questions
Similar words in Passage
Q3:
Inadequacy of IQ test from Binet.
Although Binet’s test was popular, it was a bit inconvenient to deal with a variety of physical and mental ages.
Note:
Inadequacy: the state or quality of being inadequate; lack of the quantity or quality required
The keywords are self-explanatory
Answer: C - Inadequacy of IQ test from Binet.
- 4 Answer: D
Keywords in Questions
Similar words in Passage
Q4:
The definition of IQ was created by a professor.
This measurement is what is now termed the IQ (for intelligence quotient) score and it has evolved to be used to show how a person, adult or child, performed in relation to others. (the term IQ was coined by Lewis M. Terman, professor of psychology and education of Stanford University, in 1916
Note:
To coin: invent or devise (a new word or phrase).
Answer: D - The definition of IQ was created by a professor.
Questions 5-8
Professor Binet devises the test to ……………………
- A
- B
- C
- D
Keywords in Questions | Similar words in Passage |
Q5: Professor Binet devises the test to …………………… | In 1904 the French minister of education, facing limited resources for schooling, sought a way to separate the unable from the merely lazy. Alfred Binet got the job of devising selection principles. Binet, however, denied that the test was measuring intelligence, its purpose was simply diagnostic, for selection only |
Note: He wanted to separate the lazy (underperforming) from the unable Answer: A - find those who do not perform satisfied | |
The test is designed according to_______
- A
- B
- C
- D
Keywords in Questions | Similar words in Passage |
Q6: The test is designed according to …………………… | The test previously established a norm for children of a given physical age. (for example, five-year-old on average get ten items correct), therefore, a child with a mental age of five should score 10, which would mean that he or she was functioning pretty much as others of that age. The child’s mental age was then compared to his physical age. |
Note: The idea behind the test is comparing a child’s mental ability in regards to his physical age. Answer: B - age | |
US Army used Intelligence tests to select______
- A
- B
- C
- D
Keywords in Questions | Similar words in Passage |
Q20: U.S. Army used Intelligence tests to select……………………… | The military had to build up an army very quickly; it had two million inductees to sort out. Who would become officers and who enlisted men? |
Note: The blank must be a noun and it refers to a position in the army. Hence, the answer is “officers” Answer: A - officers | |
the purpose of the text is to______
- A
- B
- C
- D
Keywords in Questions | Similar words in Passage |
Q8: the purpose of the text is to…………………… | the main criticism was and still is that current tests don’t really measure intelligence, whether intelligence can be measured at all is still controversial, |
Note: By listing all events in chronological order, from the beginning to nowadays, combined with many examples in the past about how the test was used and their result, the author concludes in the final paragraph that the IQ test should not be taken seriously and decisions should not be made based on IQ test alone. Answer: C - discuss the validity and limitation of the test | |
Questions 9-13
Do the following statements agree with the information given in Reading Passage 1?
In boxes 9-13 on your answer sheet, write
| TRUE | if the statement agrees with the information |
| FALSE | if the statement contradicts the information |
| NOT GIVEN | If there is no information on this |
9 Part the intension in designing the test by professor Binet has been misunderstood.
10 Age as a factor is completely overlooked in the simplified tests by Wilhelm Stern
11 Einstein was a counter-example of IQ test conclusion.
12 IQ test may probably lead to racial discrimination as a negative effect.
13 The author regards measuring intelligent test as a goal hardly meaningful.
- 9 Answer: TRUE
Keywords in Questions
Similar words in Passage
Q9:
Part the intension in designing the test by professor Binet has been misunderstood.
A large disparity in the wrong direction (e.g., a child of nine with a mental age of four) might suggest inability rather than laziness and mean he or she was earmarked for special schooling, Binet, however, denied that the test was measuring intelligence, its purpose was simply diagnostic, for selection only.
Note:
The original intention of Binet was selecting the lazy students from the unables ones, not measuring intelligence
Answer: TRUE
- 10 Answer: FALSE
Keywords in Questions
Similar words in Passage
Q10:
Age as a factor is completely overlooked in the simplified tests by Wilhelm Stern
So in 1912, Wilhelm Stern suggested simplifying this by reducing the two to a single number, he divided the mental age by the physical age and multiplied the result by 100. An average child, irrespective of age, would score 100. A number much lower than 100 would suggest the need for help, and one much higher would suggest a child well ahead of his peers.
Note:
Age is still the main parameter in the simplified version of the test by Wilhelm Stern.
Answer: FALSE
- 11 Answer: NOT GIVEN
Keywords in Questions
Similar words in Passage
Q11:
Einstein was a counter-example of IQ test conclusion.
The practical side of psychometrics (the development and use of tests) became widespread quite early, by 1917, when Einstein published his grand theory of relativity, mass-scale testing was already in use.
Note:
The paragraph mentions the use of intelligence tests during World War I, but it does not mention anything about Einstein being a counter-example of the IQ test conclusion.
Answer: NOT GIVEN
- 12 Answer: TRUE
Keywords in Questions
Similar words in Passage
Q12:
IQ test may probably lead to racial discrimination as a negative effect.
Intelligence testing enforced political and social prejudice, their results were used to argue that Jews ought to be kept out of the united states because they were so intelligently inferior that they would pollute the racial mix, and blacks ought not to be allowed to breed at all.
Note:
The races that were discriminated were Jew and black because they were considered as intellectually inferior by the IQ test.
Answer: TRUE
- 13 Answer: NOT GIVEN
Keywords in Questions
Similar words in Passage
Q13:
The author regards measuring intelligent test as a goal hardly meaningful.
the main criticism was and still is that current tests don’t really measure intelligence, whether intelligence can be measured at all is still controversial, some say it cannot others say that IQ tests are psychology’s greatest accomplishments.
Note:
The author only concludes that a person’s ability should not be judged solely by the intelligence test and does not say anything about setting it as a goal.
Answer: NOT GIVEN
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| # | User | Score | Time | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Evgeny Tatarinov |  | 9.0 | 15:03 | |
| Tirza Priscilla |  | 9.0 | 15:27 | |
| Rupashree Pradhan |  | 9.0 | 15:29 | |
| 4 | sandeep ballavolu | | 9.0 | 15:31 |
| 5 | Huyền Ann |  | 9.0 | 15:32 |
| 6 | Zhou Ziyao |  | 9.0 | 15:41 |
| 7 | Tselmuun Ganbat |  | 9.0 | 15:49 |
| 8 | Vikas kumar Minj | | 9.0 | 15:50 |
| 9 | seav minh Sreng |  | 9.0 | 15:59 |
| 10 | Neha Gurung |  | 9.0 | 16:07 |
Tips for improving your ielts score
Review & Explanations:
Questions 1-4
The Reading Passage has seven paragraphs A-G
Which paragraph contains the following information?
Write the correct letter A-G, in boxes 1-4 on your answer sheet.
1 IQ is just one single factor of human characteristics.
2 Discussion of the methodology behind Professor Stern’s test.
3 Inadequacy of IQ test from Binet.
4 The definition of IQ was created by a professor.
- 1 Answer: G
Keywords in Questions
Similar words in Passage
Q1:
IQ is just one single factor of human characteristics.
The entire paragraph G
Note:
There are many other factors of human characteristics that are equally important such as specific abilities, anxiety, extroversion, emotional stability, compatibility, with a marriage partner, and so on.
Answer: G - IQ is just one single factor of human characteristics.
- 2 Answer: C
Keywords in Questions
Similar words in Passage
Q2:
Discussion of the methodology behind Professor Stern’s test.
So in 1912, Wilhelm Stern suggested simplifying this by reducing the two to a single number, he divided the mental age by the physical age and multiplied the result by 100. An average child, irrespective of age, would score 100. A number much lower than 100 would suggest the need for help, and one much higher would suggest a child well ahead of his peer.
Note:
Paragraph B discusses different usages of Alfred Binet’s original test.
Paragraph C discusses how Wilhelm Stern simplified Binet’s test to adapt to a wider range of criteria by changing the method of calculation.
Answer: C - Discussion of the methodology behind Professor Stern’s test.
- 3 Answer: B
Keywords in Questions
Similar words in Passage
Q3:
Inadequacy of IQ test from Binet.
Although Binet’s test was popular, it was a bit inconvenient to deal with a variety of physical and mental ages.
Note:
Inadequacy: the state or quality of being inadequate; lack of the quantity or quality required
The keywords are self-explanatory
Answer: C - Inadequacy of IQ test from Binet.
- 4 Answer: D
Keywords in Questions
Similar words in Passage
Q4:
The definition of IQ was created by a professor.
This measurement is what is now termed the IQ (for intelligence quotient) score and it has evolved to be used to show how a person, adult or child, performed in relation to others. (the term IQ was coined by Lewis M. Terman, professor of psychology and education of Stanford University, in 1916
Note:
To coin: invent or devise (a new word or phrase).
Answer: D - The definition of IQ was created by a professor.
Questions 5-8
Professor Binet devises the test to ……………………
- A
- B
- C
- D
Keywords in Questions | Similar words in Passage |
Q5: Professor Binet devises the test to …………………… | In 1904 the French minister of education, facing limited resources for schooling, sought a way to separate the unable from the merely lazy. Alfred Binet got the job of devising selection principles. Binet, however, denied that the test was measuring intelligence, its purpose was simply diagnostic, for selection only |
Note: He wanted to separate the lazy (underperforming) from the unable Answer: A - find those who do not perform satisfied | |
The test is designed according to_______
- A
- B
- C
- D
Keywords in Questions | Similar words in Passage |
Q6: The test is designed according to …………………… | The test previously established a norm for children of a given physical age. (for example, five-year-old on average get ten items correct), therefore, a child with a mental age of five should score 10, which would mean that he or she was functioning pretty much as others of that age. The child’s mental age was then compared to his physical age. |
Note: The idea behind the test is comparing a child’s mental ability in regards to his physical age. Answer: B - age | |
US Army used Intelligence tests to select______
- A
- B
- C
- D
Keywords in Questions | Similar words in Passage |
Q20: U.S. Army used Intelligence tests to select……………………… | The military had to build up an army very quickly; it had two million inductees to sort out. Who would become officers and who enlisted men? |
Note: The blank must be a noun and it refers to a position in the army. Hence, the answer is “officers” Answer: A - officers | |
the purpose of the text is to______
- A
- B
- C
- D
Keywords in Questions | Similar words in Passage |
Q8: the purpose of the text is to…………………… | the main criticism was and still is that current tests don’t really measure intelligence, whether intelligence can be measured at all is still controversial, |
Note: By listing all events in chronological order, from the beginning to nowadays, combined with many examples in the past about how the test was used and their result, the author concludes in the final paragraph that the IQ test should not be taken seriously and decisions should not be made based on IQ test alone. Answer: C - discuss the validity and limitation of the test | |
Questions 9-13
Do the following statements agree with the information given in Reading Passage 1?
In boxes 9-13 on your answer sheet, write
| TRUE | if the statement agrees with the information |
| FALSE | if the statement contradicts the information |
| NOT GIVEN | If there is no information on this |
9 Part the intension in designing the test by professor Binet has been misunderstood.
10 Age as a factor is completely overlooked in the simplified tests by Wilhelm Stern
11 Einstein was a counter-example of IQ test conclusion.
12 IQ test may probably lead to racial discrimination as a negative effect.
13 The author regards measuring intelligent test as a goal hardly meaningful.
- 9 Answer: TRUE
Keywords in Questions
Similar words in Passage
Q9:
Part the intension in designing the test by professor Binet has been misunderstood.
A large disparity in the wrong direction (e.g., a child of nine with a mental age of four) might suggest inability rather than laziness and mean he or she was earmarked for special schooling, Binet, however, denied that the test was measuring intelligence, its purpose was simply diagnostic, for selection only.
Note:
The original intention of Binet was selecting the lazy students from the unables ones, not measuring intelligence
Answer: TRUE
- 10 Answer: FALSE
Keywords in Questions
Similar words in Passage
Q10:
Age as a factor is completely overlooked in the simplified tests by Wilhelm Stern
So in 1912, Wilhelm Stern suggested simplifying this by reducing the two to a single number, he divided the mental age by the physical age and multiplied the result by 100. An average child, irrespective of age, would score 100. A number much lower than 100 would suggest the need for help, and one much higher would suggest a child well ahead of his peers.
Note:
Age is still the main parameter in the simplified version of the test by Wilhelm Stern.
Answer: FALSE
- 11 Answer: NOT GIVEN
Keywords in Questions
Similar words in Passage
Q11:
Einstein was a counter-example of IQ test conclusion.
The practical side of psychometrics (the development and use of tests) became widespread quite early, by 1917, when Einstein published his grand theory of relativity, mass-scale testing was already in use.
Note:
The paragraph mentions the use of intelligence tests during World War I, but it does not mention anything about Einstein being a counter-example of the IQ test conclusion.
Answer: NOT GIVEN
- 12 Answer: TRUE
Keywords in Questions
Similar words in Passage
Q12:
IQ test may probably lead to racial discrimination as a negative effect.
Intelligence testing enforced political and social prejudice, their results were used to argue that Jews ought to be kept out of the united states because they were so intelligently inferior that they would pollute the racial mix, and blacks ought not to be allowed to breed at all.
Note:
The races that were discriminated were Jew and black because they were considered as intellectually inferior by the IQ test.
Answer: TRUE
- 13 Answer: NOT GIVEN
Keywords in Questions
Similar words in Passage
Q13:
The author regards measuring intelligent test as a goal hardly meaningful.
the main criticism was and still is that current tests don’t really measure intelligence, whether intelligence can be measured at all is still controversial, some say it cannot others say that IQ tests are psychology’s greatest accomplishments.
Note:
The author only concludes that a person’s ability should not be judged solely by the intelligence test and does not say anything about setting it as a goal.
Answer: NOT GIVEN
Questions 14-17
The Reading Passage has seven paragraphs A-H
Which paragraphs contains the following information?
Write the correct letter A-H, in boxes 14-17 on your answer sheet.
NB You may use any letter more than once.
14 A reason for changing the exhibition programs.
15 The time people have to wait in a queue in order to enjoy exhibitions.
16 Terms people used when referring to the blockbuster
17 There was some controversy over confining target groups of a blockbuster.
- 14 Answer: C
Keywords in Questions
Similar words in Passage
Q14:
A reason for changing the exhibition programs.
Maintaining and increasing visitor levels is paramount in the new museology. This requires continued product development. Not only the creation or hiring of blockbuster exhibitions but regular exhibition changes and innovations.
Note:
The reason here is the pressure of maintaining and increasing number of visitors to museums
Answer: C
- 15 Answer: A
Keywords in Questions
Similar words in Passage
Q15:
The time people have to wait in a queue in order to enjoy exhibitions.
My own definition for a blockbuster is “a popular, high profile exhibition on display for a limited period, that attracts the general public, who are prepared to both stand in line and pay a fee in order to partake in the exhibition.
Note:
“To wait in a queue” = to stand in line
Answer: A
- 16 Answer: B
Keywords in Questions
Similar words in Passage
Q16:
Terms people used when referring to the blockbuster
However, in literature from both the UK and USA the other words that also start to appear in descriptions of a blockbuster are “less scholarly”, “non-elitist” and “popularist”.
Note:
Those terms are “less scholarly”, “non-elitist” and “popularist”
Answer: B
- 17 Answer: B
Keywords in Questions
Similar words in Passage
Q17:
There was some controversy over confining target groups of a blockbuster.
Detractors argue that blockbusters are designed to appeal to the lowest common denominator, while others extol the virtues of encouraging scholars to cooperate on projects and to provide exhibitions that cater for a broad selection of the community rather than an elite sector.
Note:
People argue about whether blockbusters should aim to attract the professionals - lowest common denominator or the public
Answer: B
Questions 18-21
Complete the following summary of the paragraphs of Reading Passage
Using NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS from the Reading Passage for each answer.
Write your answers in boxes 18-21 on your answer sheet.
Instead of being visitors, people turned out to be 18 , who require the creation or hiring of blockbuster exhibitions as well as regular exhibition changes and innovations. Business nous and 19 simply summarized in a magazine are not only important factors for directors but also an ability to attract a crowd of audiences. 20 has contributed to the linking of museums, the heritage industry, tourism, profit-making and pleasure-giving. There occurs some controversy over whether it is proper to consider museums mainly as 21
- 18 Answer: customers
Keywords in Questions
Similar words in Passage
Q18:
Instead of being visitors, people turned out to be …….. , who require the creation or hiring of blockbuster exhibitions as well as regular exhibition changes and innovations
In addition, the visiting public has become customers rather than visitors, and the skills that are valued in museums, science centres and galleries to keep the new customers coming through the door have changed.
Note:
The blank space must be a noun. And based on the context, we can guess the answer should be a word refer to people like visitors
Answer: customers
- 19 Answer: public relation skills
Keywords in Questions
Similar words in Passage
Q19:
Business nous and …….. simply summarized in a magazine are not only important factors for directors but also an ability to attract a crowd of audiences
As succinctly summarised in the Economist in 1994 “business nous and public relation skills” were essential requirements for a director, and the ability to compete with other museums to stage travelling exhibitions which draw huge crowds.
Note:
Finding the word Business nous should be the first thing you should do because there is no way this word can be paraphrased.
Answer: public relation skills
- 20 Answer: museology
Keywords in Questions
Similar words in Passage
Q20:
………. has contributed to the linking of museums, the heritage industry, tourism, profit-making and pleasure-giving.
The new museology has resulted in the convergence of museums, the heritage industry, and tourism, profit-making and pleasure-giving.
Note:
This is quite an easy question since all the keywords are exactly the same in both the question and the passage.
Answer: museology
- 21 Answer: tourist attractions
Keywords in Questions
Similar words in Passage
Q21:
There occurs some controversy over whether it is proper to consider museums mainly as ……….
This has given rise to much debate about the appropriateness of adopting the activities of institutions so that they more closely reflect the priorities of the market place and whether it is appropriate to see museums primarily as tourist attractions.
Note:
The keywords are self-explanatory
Answer: tourist attractions
Questions 22-23
Choose TWO letters A-E.
Write your answer in boxes 22-23 on your answer sheet.
The list below gives some advantages of a blockbuster.
Which TWO advantages are mentioned by the writer of the text?
- A
- B
- C
- D
- E
- 22-23 Answer: A,D
Keywords in Questions
Similar words in Passage
Q22:
Which TWO advantages are mentioned by the writer of the text?
If the bottom line is profit, then according to the accounting records of many major museums and galleries, blockbusters do make money. For some museums overseas, it may be the money that they need to update parts of their collections or to repair buildings that are in need of attention.
Note:
The keywords are self-explanatory
Answer: A - To offer sufficient money to repair architectures.
Q23:
Which TWO advantages are mentioned by the writer of the text?
Blockbusters mean crowds, and crowds are good for the local economy, providing increased employment for shops, hotels, restaurants, the transport industry and retailers.
Note:
The local businesses are shops hotels, restaurants, the transport industry and retailers.
Answer: D - Being beneficial for the development of local business.
Questions 24-26
Choose THREE letters A-F.
Write your answer in boxes 24-26 on your answer sheet.
The list below gives some disadvantages of a blockbuster.
Which THREE disadvantages are mentioned by the writer of the text?
- A
- B
- C
- D
- E
- F
- 24-26 Answer: B,C,E
Keywords in Questions
Similar words in Passage
Q24:
Which THREE disadvantages are mentioned by the writer of the text?
Creating, mounting or hiring blockbusters is exhausting for staff, with the real costs throughout an institution difficult to calculate.
Note:
Tired = exhausting
worker= staff
Answer: B - Workers has become tired of workloads.
Q25:
Which THREE disadvantages are mentioned by the writer of the text?
However, the new museology and the apparent trend towards blockbusters make it likely that museums, art galleries and particularly science centres will be seen as part of the entertainment and tourism industry, rather than as cultural icons deserving of government and philanthropic support.
Note:
The keywords are self-explanatory
Answer: C - The content has become more entertaining rather than cultural.
Q26:
Which THREE disadvantages are mentioned by the writer of the text?
Blockbusters require large capital expenditure, and draw on resources across all branches of an organisation; however, the costs don’t end there. There is a Human Resource Management cost in addition to a measurable ‘real’ dollar cost
Note:
Capital = capital expenditure
Blockbusters spend money on Human Resource which means they hire professionals to do the jobs
Answer: E - Huge amounts of capital invested in specialists.
Questions 27-31
Complete the summary with the list of words A-L below
Write the correct letter A-L in boxes 27-31 on your answer sheet.
| A | bones |
| B | co-leader |
| C | descendents |
| D | international team |
| E | inquiring minds |
| F | proof |
| G | ancestors |
| H | early seafarers |
| I | pottery |
| J | assumption |
| K | horizons |
| L | grave |
The question, arisen from Captain Cook’s expedition to Hawaii, and others derived from it, has fascinated researchers for a long time. However, a surprising archaeological find on Éfaté began to provide valuable information about the 27 . On the excavating site, a 28 . Containing 29 of Lapita was uncovered. Later on, various researches and tests have been done to study the ancient people – Lapita and their 30 . How could they manage to spread themselves so far over the vast ocean? All that is certain is that they were good at canoeing. And perhaps they could take well advantage of the trade wind. But there is no 31 of it.
- 27 Answer: H
Keywords in Questions
Similar words in Passage
Q27:
However, a surprising archaeological find on Éfaté began to provide valuable information about the ……
But now a startling archaeological find on the island of Éfaté, in the Pacific nation of Vanuatu, has revealed an ancient seafaring people, the distant ancestors of today’s Polynesians, taking their first steps into the unknown.
Note:
Looking for the keyword is the quickest way to locate this answer. Once the location is found, keywords are self-explanatory
Answer: H - early seafarers
- 28 Answer: L
Keywords in Questions
Similar words in Passage
Q28:
On the excavating site, a …….
A backhoe operator, digging up topsoil on the grounds of a derelict coconut plantation, scraped open a grave – the first of dozens in a burial ground some 3,000 years old.
Note:
Excavation site: The location chosen for an excavation, meaning the act or process of removing soil and/or rock materials by digging, blasting, breaking, loading either at the surface or underground.
The site being mentioned here is the “coconut plantation”
Answer: L - grave
- 29 Answer: A
Keywords in Questions
Similar words in Passage
Q29:
Containing …… of Lapita was uncovered
It is the oldest cemetery ever found in the Pacific islands, and it harbors the bones of an ancient people archaeologists call the Lapita
Note:
harbour something: to contain something
Answer: A - bones
- 30 Answer: C
Keywords in Questions
Similar words in Passage
Q30:
Later on, various researches and tests have been done to study the ancient people – Lapita and their ………
It was their descendants, centuries later, who became the great Polynesian navigators we all tend to think of: the Tahitians and Hawaiians, the New Zealand Maori, and the curious people who erected those statues on Easter Island.
Note:
There is no specific keyword in this part of the text that is synonymous with keywords in the question. However, the following part of the passage talks a lot about people: the Tahitians and Hawaiians, the New Zealand Maori and Easter Island inhabitants. Those are the descendents of Lapita.
Answer: C - descendents
- 31 Answer: F
Keywords in Questions
Similar words in Passage
Q31:
And perhaps they could take well advantage of the trade wind. But there is no ….. of it
All this presupposes one essential detail, says Atholl Anderson, professor of prehistory at the Australian National University and, like Irwin, a keen yachtsman: that the Lapita had mastered the advanced art of tacking into the wind. “And there’s no proof that they could do any such thing,” Anderson says. “There has been this assumption that they must have done so, and people have built canoes to re-create those early voyages based on that assumption. But nobody has any idea what their canoes looked like or how they were rigged.”
Note:
The keywords are self-explanatory.
Answer: F - proof
Questions 32-35
Choose the correct letter, A, B, C or D.
Write your answers in boxes 32-35 on your answer sheet.
The chemical tests indicate that
- A
- B
- C
- D
Keywords in Questions | Similar words in Passage |
Q32: The chemical tests indicate that | The isotope signatures of these elements vary subtly from place to place, so that if you grow up in, say, Buffalo, New York, then spend your adult life in California, tests on the isotopes in your teeth will always reveal your eastern roots. |
Note: Because isotopes can reveal one’s origin regardless of how old they are or whether they moved to another location in their lifetime. Answer: D - these chemicals can’t conceal one’s origin. | |
The isotope analysis from the Lapita
- A
- B
- C
- D
Keywords in Questions | Similar words in Passage |
Q33: The isotope analysis from the Lapita | DNA teased from these ancient bones may also help answer one of the most puzzling questions in Pacific anthropology: Did all Pacific islanders spring from one source or many? Was there only one outward migration from a single point in Asia, or several from different points? “This represents the best opportunity we’ve had yet,” says Spriggs, “to find out who the Lapita actually were, where they came from, and who their closest descendants are today.” |
Note: The questions being answered here are: did all Pacific islanders spring from one source or many? Was there only one outward migration from a single point in Asia, or several from different points? Answer: C - helps researchers to find out answers about the islanders. | |
According to paragraph F, the offspring of Lapita
- A
- B
- C
- D
Keywords in Questions | Similar words in Passage |
Q34: According to paragraph F, the offspring of Lapita | The nearest landfall, the Santa Cruz Islands, is almost 230 miles away, and for at least 150 of those miles, the Lapita sailors would have been out of sight of land, with empty horizons on every side. |
Note: The majority of their voyages was out of sight of land (150/230 miles) Out of sight of land = land that is not accessible to view Answer: A - were capable of voyages to land that is not accessible to view. | |
Once out exploring the sea, the sailors
- A
- B
- C
- D
Keywords in Questions | Similar words in Passage |
Q35: Once out exploring the sea, the sailors | Once out there, skilled seafarers would detect abundant leads to follow to land: seabirds and turtles, coconuts and twigs carried out to sea by the tides and the afternoon pileup of clouds on the horizon that often betokens an island in the distance. |
Note: The clues they used are: seabirds, turtles, coconuts, twigs and clouds. Answer: B - could return home with various clues. | |
Questions 36-40
Do the following statements agree with the information given in Reading Passage?
In boxes 36-40 on your answer sheet, write
| TRUE | if the statement agrees with the information |
| FALSE | if the statement contradicts the information |
| NOT GIVEN | If there is no information on this |
36 The Lapita could canoe in the prevailing wind.
37 It was difficult for the sailors to find ways back, once they were out.
38 The reason why the Lapita stopped canoeing farther is still unknown.
39 The majority of the Lapita dwelled on Fiji.
40 The navigators could take advantage of El Nino during their forth voyages
- 36 Answer: TRUE
- 37 Answer: FALSE
Keywords in Questions
Similar words in Passage
Q37:
It was difficult for the sailors to find ways back, once they were out.
“They could sail out for days into the unknown and reconnoiter, secure in the knowledge that if they didn’t find anything, they could turn about and catch a swift ride home on the trade winds. It’s what made the whole thing work.”
Note:
The point of sailing against the wind is that they could easily get home when they found nothing. So saying it’s difficult is incorrect.
Answer: FALSE
- 38 Answer: TRUE
Keywords in Questions
Similar words in Passage
Q38:
The reason why the Lapita stopped canoeing farther is still unknown.
However they did it, the Lapita spread themselves a third of the way across the Pacific, then called it quits for reasons known only to them.
Note:
The reasons for quitting is only known to them means that they are unknown for everyone else.
Answer: TRUE
- 39 Answer: FALSE
Keywords in Questions
Similar words in Passage
Q39:
The majority of the Lapita dwelled on Fiji.
They probably never numbered more than a few thousand in total, and in their rapid migration eastward they encountered hundreds of islands – more than 300 in Fiji alone.
Note:
The number - 300 written in the text is about the number of islands, not people. Nothing about where the majority of Lapita settled is mentioned.
Answer: NOT GIVEN
- 40 Answer: NOT GIVEN
READING PASSAGE 1
You should spend about 20 minutes on Questions 1-13 , which are based on Reading Passage 1 below.
Intelligence and Giftedness
A
In 1904 the French minister of education, facing limited resources for schooling, sought a way to separate the unable from the merely lazy. Alfred Binet got the job of devising selection principles and his brilliant solution put a stamp on the study of intelligence and was the forerunner of intelligence tests still used today, he developed a thirty-problem test in 1905, which tapped several abilities related to intellect, such as judgment and reasoning, the test determined a given child’s mental age’. The test previously established a norm for children of a given physical age. (for example, five-year-old on average get ten items correct), therefore, a child with a mental age of five should score 10, which would mean that he or she was functioning pretty much as others of that age. The child’s mental age was then compared to his physical age.
B
A large disparity in the wrong direction (e.g., a child of nine with a mental age of four) might suggest inability rather than laziness and mean he or she was earmarked for special schooling, Binet, however, denied that the test was measuring intelligence, its purpose was simply diagnostic, for selection only. This message was however lost and caused many problems and misunderstanding later.
C
Although Binet’s test was popular, it was a bit inconvenient to deal with a variety of physical and mental ages. So in 1912, Wilhelm Stern suggested simplifying this by reducing the two to a single number, he divided the mental age by the physical age and multiplied the result by 100. An average child, irrespective of age, would score 100. A number much lower than 100 would suggest the need for help, and one much higher would suggest a child well ahead of his peer.
D
This measurement is what is now termed the IQ (for intelligence quotient) score and it has evolved to be used to show how a person, adult or child, performed in relation to others. (the term IQ was coined by Lewis M. Terman, professor of psychology and education of Stanford University, in 1916. He had constructed an enormously influential revision of Binet’s test, called the Stanford-Binet test, versions of which are still given extensively.)
E
The field studying intelligence and developing tests eventually coalesced into a sub-field of psychology called psychometrics (psycho for ‘mind’ and metrics for ‘measurements’). The practical side of psychometrics (the development and use of tests) became widespread quite early, by 1917, when Einstein published his grand theory of relativity, mass-scale testing was already in use. Germany’s unrestricted submarine warfare (which led to the sinking of the Lusitania in 1915) provoked the United States to finally enter the First World War in the same year. The military had to build up an army very quickly; it had two million inductees to sort out. Who would become officers and who enlisted men? Psychometricians developed two intelligence tests that help sort all these people out, at least to some extent, this was the first major use of testing to decide who lived and who died, as officers were a lot safer on the battlefield, the tests themselves were given under horrendously bad conditions, and the examiners seemed to lack commonsense, a lot of recruits simply had no idea what to do and in several sessions most inductees scored zero! The examiners also came up with the quite astounding conclusion from the testing that the average American adult’s intelligence was equal to that of a thirteen-year-old!
F
Intelligence testing enforced political and social prejudice, their results were used to argue that Jews ought to be kept out of the united states because they were so intelligently inferior that they would pollute the racial mix, and blacks ought not to be allowed to breed at all. And so abuse and test bias controversies continued to plaque psychometrics.
G
Measurement is fundamental to science and technology, science often advances in leaps and bounds when measurement devices improve, psychometrics has long tried to develop ways to gauge psychological qualities such as intelligence and more specific abilities, anxiety, extroversion, emotional stability, compatibility, with a marriage partner, and so on. Their scores are often given enormous weight, a single IQ measurement can take on a life of its own if teachers and parents see it as definitive, it became a major issue in the 70s, when court cases were launched to stop anyone from making important decisions based on IQ test scores, the main criticism was and still is that current tests don’t really measure intelligence, whether intelligence can be measured at all is still controversial, some say it cannot others say that IQ tests are psychology’s greatest accomplishments.
READING PASSAGE 2
You should spend about 20 minutes on Questions 14-26 , which are based on Reading Passage 2 below.
Museum Blockbuster
A
Since the 1980s, the term “blockbuster” has become the fashionable word for the special spectacular museum, art gallery or science centre exhibitions. These exhibitions have the ability to attract large crowds and often large corporate sponsors. Here is one of some existing definitions of a blockbuster: Put by Elsen (1984), a blockbuster is a “… large scale loan exhibition that people who normally don’t go to museums will stand in line for hours to see …” James Rosenfield, writing in Direct Marketing in 1993, has described a successful blockbuster exhibition as a “… triumph of both curatorial and marketing skills …” My own definition for a blockbuster is “a popular, high profile exhibition on display for a limited period, that attracts the general public, who are prepared to both stand in line and pay a fee in order to partake in the exhibition.” What both Elsen and Rosenfield omit in their descriptions of a blockbuster, is that people are prepared to pay a fee to see a blockbuster and that the term blockbuster can just as easily apply to a movie or a museum exhibition.
B
Merely naming an exhibition or movie a blockbuster, however, does not make it a blockbuster. The term can only apply when the item in question has had an overwhelmingly successful response from the public. However, in literature from both the UK and USA the other words that also start to appear in descriptions of a blockbuster are “less scholarly”, “non-elitist” and “popularist”. Detractors argue that blockbusters are designed to appeal to the lowest common denominator, while others extol the virtues of encouraging scholars to cooperate on projects and to provide exhibitions that cater for a broad selection of the community rather than an elite sector.
C
Maintaining and increasing visitor levels is paramount in the new museology. This requires continued product development. Not only the creation or hiring of blockbuster exhibitions but regular exhibition changes and innovations. In addition, the visiting public has become customers rather than visitors, and the skills that are valued in museums, science centres and galleries to keep the new customers coming through the door have changed. High on the list of requirements are commercial, business, marketing and entrepreneurial skills. Curators are now administrators. Being a director of an art gallery no longer requires an Arts Degree. As succinctly summarised in the Economist in 1994 “business nous and public relation skills” were essential requirements for a director, and the ability to compete with other museums to stage travelling exhibitions which draw huge crowds.
D
The new museology has resulted in the convergence of museums, the heritage industry, and tourism, profit-making and pleasure-giving. This has given rise to much debate about the appropriateness of adopting the activities of institutions so that they more closely reflect the priorities of the market place and whether it is appropriate to see museums primarily as tourist attractions. At many institutions, you can now hold office functions in the display areas, or have dinner with the dinosaurs. Whatever commentators may think, managers of museums, art galleries and science centres worldwide are looking for artful ways to blend culture and commerce, and blockbuster exhibitions are at the top of the list. But while blockbusters are all part of the new museology, there is proof that you don’t need a museum, science centre or art gallery to benefit from the drawing power of a blockbuster or to stage a blockbuster.
E
But do blockbusters held in public institutions really create a surplus to fund other activities? If the bottom line is profit, then according to the accounting records of many major museums and galleries, blockbusters do make money. For some museums overseas, it may be the money that they need to update parts of their collections or to repair buildings that are in need of attention. For others in Australia, it may be the opportunity to illustrate that they are attempting to pay their way, by recovering part of their operating costs or funding other operating activities with off-budget revenue. This makes the economic rationalists cheerful. However, not all exhibitions that are hailed to be blockbusters will be blockbusters, and some will not make money. It is also unlikely that the accounting systems of most institutions will recognise the real cost of either creating or hiring a blockbuster.
F
Blockbusters require large capital expenditure, and draw on resources across all branches of an organisation; however, the costs don’t end there. There is a Human Resource Management cost in addition to a measurable ‘real’ dollar cost. Receiving a touring exhibition involves large expenditure as well, and draws resources from across functional management structures in project management style. everyone from a general labourer to a building servicing unit, the front of the house, technical, promotion, education and administration staff, are required to perform additional tasks. Furthermore, as an increasing number of institutions in Australia try their hand at increasing visitor numbers, memberships (and therefore revenue), by staging blockbuster exhibitions, it may be less likely that blockbusters will continue to provide a surplus to subsidise other activities due to the competitive nature of the market. There are only so many consumer dollars to go around, and visitors will need to choose between blockbuster products.
G
Unfortunately, when the bottom-line is the most important objective to the mounting of blockbuster exhibitions, this same objective can be hard to maintain. Creating, mounting or hiring blockbusters is exhausting for staff, with the real costs throughout an institution difficult to calculate. Although the direct aims may be financial, creating or hiring a blockbuster has many positive spin-offs; by raising their profile through a popular blockbuster exhibition, a museum will be seen in a more favorable light at budget time. Blockbusters mean crowds, and crowds are good for the local economy, providing increased employment for shops, hotels, restaurants, the transport industry and retailers. Blockbusters expose staff to the vagaries and pressures of the market place and may lead to creative excellence. Either the success or failure of a blockbuster may highlight the need for managers and policymakers to rethink their strategies. However, the new museology and the apparent trend towards blockbusters make it likely that museums, art galleries and particularly science centres will be seen as part of the entertainment and tourism industry, rather than as cultural icons deserving of government and philanthropic support.
H
Perhaps the best pathway to take is one that balances both blockbusters and regular exhibitions. However, this easy middle ground may only work if you have enough space, and have alternate sources of funding to continue to support the regular less exciting fare. Perhaps the advice should be to make sure that your regular activities and exhibitions are more enticing, and find out what your local community wants from you. The question (trend) now at most museums and science centres, is “What blockbusters can we tour to overseas venues and will it be cost-effective?”
READING PASSAGE 3
You should spend about 20 minutes on Questions 27-40 , which are based on Reading Passage 3 below.
Beyond the blue line
A
Much of the thrill of venturing to the far side of the world rests on the romance of difference. So one feels a certain sympathy for Captain James Cook on the day in 1778 that he “discovered” Hawaii. Then on his third expedition to the Pacific, the British navigator had explored scores of islands across the breadth of the sea, from lush New Zealand to the lonely wastes of Easter Island. This latest voyage had taken him thousands of miles north from the Society Islands to an archipelago so remote that even the old Polynesians back on Tahiti knew nothing about it. Imagine Cook’s surprise, then, when the natives of Hawaii came paddling out in their canoes and greeted him in a familiar tongue, one he had heard on virtually every mote of inhabited land he had visited. Marveling at the ubiquity of this Pacific language and culture, he later wondered in his journal: “How shall we account for this Nation spreading itself so far over this vast ocean?”
B
That question, and others that flow from it has tantalized inquiring minds for centuries: Who were these amazing seafarers? Where did they come from, starting more than 3,000 years ago? And how could a Neolithic people with simple canoes and no navigation gear manage to find, let alone colonize, hundreds of far-flung island specks scattered across an ocean that spans nearly a third of the globe? Answers have been slow in coming. But now a startling archaeological find on the island of Éfaté, in the Pacific nation of Vanuatu, has revealed an ancient seafaring people, the distant ancestors of today’s Polynesians, taking their first steps into the unknown. The discoveries there have also opened a window into the shadowy world of those early voyagers.
C
“What we have is a first- or second-generation site containing the graves of some of the Pacific’s first explorers,” says Spriggs, professor of archaeology at the Australian National University and co-leader of an international team excavating the site. It came to light only by luck. A backhoe operator, digging up topsoil on the grounds of a derelict coconut plantation, scraped open a grave – the first of dozens in a burial ground some 3,000 years old. It is the oldest cemetery ever found in the Pacific islands, and it harbors the bones of an ancient people archaeologists call the Lapita, a label that derives from a beach in New Caledonia where a landmark cache of their pottery was found in the 1950s.
D
They were daring blue-water adventurers who roved the sea not just as explorers but also as pioneers, bringing along everything they would need to build new lives – their families and livestock, taro seedlings and stone tools. Within the span of a few centuries, the Lapita stretched the boundaries of their world from the jungle-clad volcanoes of Papua New Guinea to the loneliest coral outliers of Tonga, at least 2,000 miles eastward in the Pacific. Along the way they explored millions of square miles of an unknown sea, discovering and colonizing scores of tropical islands never before seen by human eyes: Vanuatu, New Caledonia, Fiji, Samoa.
It was their descendants, centuries later, who became the great Polynesian navigators we all tend to think of: the Tahitians and Hawaiians, the New Zealand Maori, and the curious people who erected those statues on Easter Island. But it was the Lapita who laid the foundation – who bequeathed to the island the language, customs, and cultures that their more famous descendants carried around the Pacific.
E
While the Lapita left a glorious legacy, they also left precious few clues about themselves. A particularly intriguing clue comes from chemical tests on the teeth of several skeletons. Then as now, the food and water you consume as a child deposits oxygen, carbon, strontium, and other elements in your still-forming adult teeth. The isotope signatures of these elements vary subtly from place to place, so that if you grow up in, say, Buffalo, New York, then spend your adult life in California, tests on the isotopes in your teeth will always reveal your eastern roots.
Isotope analysis indicates that several of the Lapita buried on Éfaté didn’t spend their childhoods here but came from somewhere else. And while isotopes can’t pinpoint their precise island of origin, this much is clear: At some point in their lives, these people left the villages of their birth and made a voyage by seagoing canoe, never to return. DNA teased from these ancient bones may also help answer one of the most puzzling questions in Pacific anthropology: Did all Pacific islanders spring from one source or many? Was there only one outward migration from a single point in Asia, or several from different points? “This represents the best opportunity we’ve had yet,” says Spriggs, “to find out who the Lapita actually were, where they came from, and who their closest descendants are today.”
F
There is one stubborn question for which archaeology has yet to provide any answers: How did the Lapita accomplish the ancient equivalent of a moon landing, many times over? No one has found one of their canoes or any rigging, which could reveal how the canoes were sailed. Nor do the oral histories and traditions of later Polynesians offer any insights.
“All we can say for certain is that the Lapita had canoes that were capable of ocean voyages, and they had the ability to sail them,” says Geoff Irwin, a professor of archaeology at the University of Auckland and an avid yachtsman. Those sailing skills, he says, were developed and passed down over thousands of years by earlier mariners who worked their way through the archipelagoes of the western Pacific making short crossings to islands within sight of each other. The real adventure didn’t begin, however, until their Lapita descendants neared the end of the Solomons chain, for this was the edge of the world. The nearest landfall, the Santa Cruz Islands, is almost 230 miles away, and for at least 150 of those miles, the Lapita sailors would have been out of sight of land, with empty horizons on every side.
G
The Lapita’s thrust into the Pacific was eastward, against the prevailing trade winds, Irwin notes. Those nagging headwinds, he argues, may have been the key to their success. “They could sail out for days into the unknown and reconnoiter, secure in the knowledge that if they didn’t find anything, they could turn about and catch a swift ride home on the trade winds. It’s what made the whole thing work.” Once out there, skilled seafarers would detect abundant leads to follow to land: seabirds and turtles, coconuts and twigs carried out to sea by the tides and the afternoon pileup of clouds on the horizon that often betokens an island in the distance.
All this presupposes one essential detail, says Atholl Anderson, professor of prehistory at the Australian National University and, like Irwin, a keen yachtsman: that the Lapita had mastered the advanced art of tacking into the wind. “And there’s no proof that they could do any such thing,” Anderson says. “There has been this assumption that they must have done so, and people have built canoes to re-create those early voyages based on that assumption. But nobody has any idea what their canoes looked like or how they were rigged.”
H
However they did it, the Lapita spread themselves a third of the way across the Pacific, then called it quits for reasons known only to them. Ahead lay the vast emptiness of the central Pacific, and perhaps they were too thinly stretched to venture farther. They probably never numbered more than a few thousand in total, and in their rapid migration eastward they encountered hundreds of islands – more than 300 in Fiji alone. Supplied with such an embarrassment of riches, they could settle down and enjoy what for a time was Earth’s last Edens.
I
Rather than give all the credit to human skill and daring, Anderson invokes the winds of change. El Niño, the same climate disruption that affects the Pacific today, may have helped scatter the first settlers to the ends of the ocean, Anderson suggests. Climate data obtained from slow-growing corals around the Pacific and from lake-bed sediments in the Andes of South America point to a series of unusually frequent El Niño around the time of the Lapita expansion, and again between 1,600 and 1,200 years ago, when the second wave of pioneer navigators made their voyages farther east, to the remotest corners of the Pacific. By reversing the regular east-to-west flow of the trade winds for weeks at a time, these “super El Niño” might have sped the Pacific’s ancient mariners on long, unplanned voyages could have been key to launching Polynesians across the wide expanse of open water between Tonga, where the Lapita stopped, and the distant archipelagoes of eastern Polynesia. “Once they crossed that gap, they could island-hop throughout the region, and from the Marquesas, it’s mostly downwind to Hawaii,” Anderson says. It took another 400 years for mariners to reach Easter Island, which lies in the opposite direction – normally upwind. “Once again this was during a period of frequent El Niño activity.”
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The give chart provides Information about the amount of waste produced by company A, company B and company C from 2000 to 2015.
It can be clearly seen that the amount of waste in company C increased while the amount of waste in company A decreased throughout the period.
Looking at the grap in more details, the amount of waste in company A declined moderately to about 9 between 2000 and 2010. There was a slight drop in this at about 8 in 2015. The amount of waste in company B went up sharply from around 8.5 to 10 over the following five years. The company B experienced significant decrease to 3 in 2020.
According the line graph, there was a steep growth in the amount of waste in company C at approximately 6 over a period of 5 years. In the year 2010, company C witnessed minimal rise at nearly 7. This grew markedly to almost 10 between 2010 to 2015.
The three pie charts below show the change in annual spending by a particular UK school in 1981,1991 and 2001.
The graphs illustrates the change for a United Kingdom school in the three years in 1981, 1982, and 1983.
Overall, we can clearly observe that over the period expenditure most in staff salaries. However, furniture as well as equipment increased rapidly and drops expenditure on things such as books and workers salaries.
In the three years, the greatest expenditure was on staff salaries,but while other workers salaries say a fall from 28% in 1981 to only 15% in 2001 . In the three years teachers pay demand the biggest cost reaching 50% total spending in 1991 and ending 45% in 2001.
Expenditure on resources like furniture as well as equipment to 15% by 1981 which increased dramatically to 23 percentage in ending years. Nevertheless, books was 20 proportion in 1991, which significant fall in 2001 from 9 %. The total spending of insurance rose minimally over the period.
More and more people start to succumb for drugs. What the causes of this phenomenon? Gave your solutions for this factor.
On the last time in various countries consuming the drugs becoming increasingly common among youth and adults. In this essay I will try to release the causes of this factor and present some remedies. First of all, it should be noted that approximately whole problems are cause by older generation. They convey misbehavior in form of that they experience necessary feelings to consume smoking either drinking that gradually switch to addiction and based on this younger generation see the pattern after which they succumb to try all of these mentioned above stuffs. Second reason may liie on the TV series, particularly in series such friends or euphoria where drugs mentioned not in less measure. Eventually, the plight retain also in the surrounding of humankind that force to them try such things like drugs to be able fight setbacks in their life individuals believe in refusing from them from this way. I consider the way out of these problems especially lies on the family side. They should have sense of responsibility when they show negative impacts for their children, take care about child mental statement to avoid of such events in the future life. second not less paramount solution is preventing the various illustrations about drugs in the movies that deteriorate right minds of individuals. Certainly people can not influence to fix others, however to beginning with they should to rise to the right way themselves after that no one can be the initiator for your businesses. Consequently, I infer humankind have a capacity to changing and transformation of their own life solely by rejection of the destroying things.
New technologies have changed the way children spend their free time . Do you think the advantages of this trend outweigh the disadvantages?
In recent years, new technologies like smartphones, tablets and gaming consoles have become ubiquitous , even among children. As a result , the way children spend their leisure time has been drastically altered .While this change has brought about both benefits and drawbacks , I believe that the advantages of this trend outweigh the disadvantages.
On the one hand, it is true that technology has its own downsides when it comes to kids. For instance, excessive screen time has been linked to poor sleep quality, impaired cognitive development , and increased risk of obesity. Children who spend too much time in front of screen may also find it too difficult to engage in other important activities such as sports, socializing with peers , and reading. Moreover, the internet can expose young people to inappropriate content, cyberbullying, and online predators.
On the other hand, there are several advantages to children spending their free time on technology. First and foremost, the use of technology devices can help develop crucial skills such as problem solving, critical thinking, and digital literacy . Many educational apps , games , and videos are available , which can enhance learning and encourage creativity. Additionally, technology provides an opportunity for social connection through online gaming communities, video chatting , and social media platforms. In today's world , where virtual communication has become increasingly important , technology enables children to stay in touch with friends and family who live far away.
In conclusion, while technology has some negative impacts on children's leisure time, its benefits outweigh its drawbacks. As long as parents monitor their children's screen time and ensure they engage in variety of activities , technology can be valuable tool for learning and socializing . Therefore , it is essential for parents and educators to embrace new technologies and encourage their responsible use among children.
Nowadays,more and more technical advertisements are spread around every place all over the world. Due to these developed technologies, most of the companies can advertise their products easier than before. I definitely agree to this point that advertising plays as a crucial role in our social lives.
If we were back to 19th century, not many advertisements were not known much and not as popular as in current time. Take us for example,
the advertisements in that time was very simple such as using only the cartoons charactors,
just encoding the main points for the products and using long theme songs for one advertisements. In the contrary, these ways could not be affected obviously to attract the people's mind to purchase their products. Why it could not be succeeded is that there were few houses owned the televisions for watching such kinds of advertisements.
Compared with such that time, today's system of advertisements are huge different dramatically. For example, the ways of advertisements are not conventional since many websites and social networks are influenced among the people's daliy life.The first point is everything can be chose and purchased smoothly with one touch on screen. Thousands of companies strive to get the high selling targets as much as they can by inserting their ads in social medias, creation their own pages and attracting with more or less amount of giveaways for subscribing their pages. Furthermore, advertising with the top celebrities is one of the ways to penetrate the marketing network. Seventy percents of people obsess about famous top stars so that the advertisements with them are able to influence the people's mind to buy the products which they advertise.The main point is that we can save our precious time by ordering the things we need from home without wasting time and energy. How splendid it is!
Taking all into account, it is more convinced to be one of the top sellers due to these developed technologies such as social networks. May be it was hard to sell even one thing to the customer.
Nevertheless, there is nothing to worry about the new products to be in the hands of the cosumers.
Through many ages, all of the situations and circumstances are transmitted from time to time.
Today many individuals think that children's parents should put restriction on their watching TV and playing video games routine and they should spend more time for read books. I totally agree with this statement because TV and video games are not very useful for children and books on the other hand are highly important for their study.
To begin with playing video games and watching TV are not useful for children because they put bad affect on eyesight as they spend more time on TV and video games. When they watch TV and playing video games, then they do not take food properly and they do not do study properly.For example, in India most three children come from their school they start watching TV and play video games due to this they lost their interest in study.As a result in coma, they cannot complete their study in good grade and they can decrease their eyesight and cannot do work properly in the future.
However, these days books are provide more knowledge to children or any person. Books are very beneficial for children because books are decrease stress and gain knowledge of children. Many type of books such as:. Poetry books, comic books, knowledgeable books, and scientific books are available in the market or libraries . For example, in the foreign country, some children gave preference to read books,they are get knowledge and start their big business in teenage and early settled in their life. Resultantly coma, reading books are very knowledgeable rather than watching TV and playing video games because books provide a discipline and knowledge to children.
In conclusion, children should read books rather than watching TV and playing video games because reading books, give more knowledge to children and watching TV and playing video games are not useful, these waste their precious time. So they can't achieve their goal in their life. If children spend more time on watching TV and playing video games, parents should prevent from this bad habit.
nowadays, children spend their most of time for playing games and no enough time for physical activitiesCurrently, most of the children’s spending thier time in video play on mobile devices and also playing game on computers, because new generation, nowadays they interest in mobile games and aslo playing movies on tv its is not essential for students, so i disagree with that. on the other hand. students who spend their time on physical activities like they playing games on outside and they are mentally and physically fit because, physically activity is more better then spending time on mobile devices.
so,i disagree with that. In my opinion,children spend thier time in physical activities,moreover when they most of time in physical activities they are fully fit and thier health is aslo good.
As we know that, technology has increasing day by day and it has made our life too much easier and comfortable. However, many researchers says that in future all transportation vehicles will be automatic drive and when travelling inside these only passengers without driver. According to me, I think it has some cons and some pros so that before commitment on my opinion I will explain my thought in this essay.
First of all, driverless travelling is a good idea because people can easily reach on their destination without driving and they don’t have trouble in future. Moreover, nowadays many people used to cars, truck and public transportation like bus, so that traffic has also increased and people stuck in traffic jam. In this situation people have to face many difficulties while driving these vehicles but when it will become a driverless people will seat inside car and enjoy with friends and family and they also will not feel bored.
On the other side, it has many drawbacks for human beings such as, many people not interested in this offer because they are not take any risk while travelling in car, truck or buses without driver. Automatic transportation will become riskier for us especially for youngsters. They like to drive faster and with automatic they will want to travelling like a flying. In addition, In my country, many individuals earn money on the basis driving. Therefore, if it become driverless they lost their earring platform.
In conclusion, I believe that it’s disadvantage of driverless vehicles outweigh the advantages because it’s become a riskier and people have to chances to lost their job as a driver.
In this contemporary epoch, it is vehemently true that the extreme amount of traffic have been created difficulties in not only few cities but in globe. The impending paragraphs intends to give a brief explanation of notions along with my personal whim.
Commencing with the paragraph, it reckons that due to extreme traffic jam the utter hustle and bustle have been created on paths. Ironically, it causes a lot of pollution in all over world. Firstly, a huge proportion of chronic disease have became a part of this reason. For instance, health organization inculcate that 85% of fetal disease are occuring due to the pollution cause by traffic. Moreover, accidents is the second major hardship for citizens. There are countless individuals who have lost there kith and kins in road accidents. However, most of the cases happens only because of the huge disturbance or traffic on the main roads and highways.
To conclude, it is a vital problem for all over world . So, individuals should be cooperative and should also give their support in controlling it. In addition to it, if more quicker Government will take these initiative steps than more rapidly the problems and hardships faced by traffic jam will fade.
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