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The focus of this lesson is on avoiding “silly” mistakes in part 1 listening.
Review & Explanations:
Reading Passage 1 has six paragraphs A-F.
Choose the correct heading for paragraphs B, C, E and F from the list of headings below.
Write the correct number i-viii in boxes 1-4 on your answer sheet.
List of Headings | |
i | Historical acceptance of change |
ii | The Generation Gap |
iii | Influences on speech |
iv | Ancient writing in Asia |
v | Cultural evolution and its impact on language |
vi | Slang expected in the future |
vii | Questioning logic |
viii | Lifespan of vocabulary |
Example: Paragraph A; Answer: v
1 Paragraph B
2 Paragraph C
Example: Paragraph D; Answer: i
3 Paragraph E
4 Paragraph F
Keywords in Questions | Similar words in Passage |
Paragraph B | Given the variation of dialects or regional accents present in most language systems, it is clear that an individual’s interpretation of what is actually correct and commonly used will vary quite dramatically, since this perception is based upon a combination of factors including the age, educational level and region of the country a person is from |
+ To find our suitable heading of this passage, we should skim the content and identify the main subject. + We can find the main idea of this passage from the sentence “Given the variation of dialects …… a person is from”. We can understand this sentence as following: under different expressions of language (variation of dialects or regional accents), an individual’s understanding about speech (what is actually correct and commonly used) will be different. + Moreover, we can take a look to following sentences and find that main issue mentioned in this this passage is that the language changes in various background/expression (or how language is influenced). So we choose answer iii – Influences on speech as answer of this question |
Keywords in Questions | Similar words in Passage |
Paragraph C | Changes in language are often driven by the young and many such changes are commonly considered by older people to be a disintegration of standards rather than an evolution and an improvement |
+ After skimming paragraph C, we can see that the sentence “Changes in language are often [...] rather than an evolution and an improvement” contains the main idea of this passage (as other sentences are almost examples of this idea). + This sentence indicates about how young and older people react with changes in language. While the young aim at changes in language, the older people seems to have negative assess about this issue. So from above information, we can reason out that there is a gap in thinking of young and old people. This helps us identify ii. The Generation Gap is the suitable heading for this passage |
Keywords in Questions | Similar words in Passage |
Paragraph E | + ‘The examiner asked me to quietly leave the room’; this was considered incorrect as the word ‘quietly’ splits the infinitive of the verb ‘to leave’ + Given that initial motivations behind the rule were questionable and the clarity of meaning of the sentence is not compromised in the ‘incorrect’ form, it could be argued that this grammar rule is a prime example of an unnecessary sanction which is likely to be abandoned in the future. |
+ This passage mainly mentions about logicality of some people’s opinion on traditional and modern usage of language. + From the text, we can see that there is an example of usage that is not acceptable in traditional usage (this was considered incorrect). Following this example is information about the reason why it was not accepted. However, the last sentence indicates that the origin of this reason (initial motivations behind the rule) is questionable and is likely to be abandoned in the future. From above analysis, we can confirm that answer vii. Questioning logic is suitable heading of this paragraph |
Keywords in Questions | Similar words in Passage |
Paragraph F | + the meanings of words are often modified or altered beyond recognition by different generations and can be easily misinterpreted by other social groups + Who knows what future generations will add to the ever changing environment of communication? |
+ The key sentences of this paragraph are “the meanings of [...] by other social groups” and “Who knows what….environment of communication?” + These sentences mention that vocabulary are modified or altered beyond recognition by different generations and can be easily misinterpreted by other social groups, (1st sentence) and also wonder about future development of language. This helps us think about how vocabulary are developed until now and in the future, or lifespan of vocabulary. So we choose answer viii. Lifespan of vocabulary for this question. |
Do the following statements reflect the claims of the writer in Reading Passage 1? Write:
YES | if the statement agrees with the views of the writer |
NO | if the statement contradicts the views of the writer |
NOT GIVEN | if it is impossible to say what the writer thinks about this |
Write the correct answer YES, NO or NOT GIVEN in boxes 5-10 on your answer sheet.
5 If language were static, it would negatively affect our ability to incorporate other cultures into our own way of life.
6 The language we grow up knowing and that we adopt through new experiences have equal effects on the way we speak.
7 English used in Britain has changed more than American English over recent years.
8 Some older variations of language are more expressive than more modern forms.
9 All modern adaptations of language are suitable for mainstream use.
10 All word usage has changed over time due to misunderstandings of meaning.
Keywords in Questions | Similar words in Passage |
If language were static, it would negatively affect our ability to incorporate other cultures into our own way of life | + Language everywhere changes over time; it has to. A central reason that necessitates modification is to allow for developments in our world to be expressed + Likewise the western world’s exposure to and familiarity with foreign cultures now means that words such as sushi, nam bread and kebab, for example, are used by diners on a regular basis. |
+ This Q5 indicates that if language is not changed (language were static), our connection ability with the world (our ability to incorporate other cultures) will be negatively affected. So we can understand that Language need changes + We can find answer from the 1st and 2nd sentence of paragraph A. In theses sentences, it is stated that language has to changes over time, and the reason is because this change help the developments in our world to be expressed. So main idea of this sentence is also Language need changes + Moreover, we can see from the last sentence of this paragraph, this is an example for how changing in language help western world’s incorporate other cultures. From above analyses, we can conclude that the statement reflects the claims of the writer. Hence, the correct answer is YES. |
Complete the summary of paragraphs E and F with the list of words A-H below.
Write the correct letter A-H in boxes 11-13 on your answer sheet.
Some grammar rules such as avoiding 11 are deeply entrenched in history and were created by academics who wished to perfect the English language.
It is likely, however, since they do not impact on the 12 of the sentence that such rules are likely to be 13 in the future. In the same way, many contemporary words in common usage today are likely to become defunct.
A | Slang |
B | Split infinitives |
C | Grammatically incorrect |
D | Meaning |
E | Recognition |
F | Disregarded |
G | Misinterpreted |
H | Confusion |
Keywords in Questions | Similar words in Passage |
Q11: Some grammar rules such as avoiding _______ are deeply entrenched in history and were created by academics who wished to perfect the English language | it was once seriously frowned upon to split an infinitive in a sentence and even today it is considered grammatically incorrect to do so |
+ We can see the phrase seriously frowned upon in the text and the clause “Some grammar rules such as avoiding _______ are deeply entrenched” of the question have same meaning about some rules that is difficult to be changed and accepted. + In the text, the rules mentioned is split an infinitive so we should fill answer B. Split infinitive into this space. |
Keywords in Questions | Similar words in Passage |
Q12: It is likely, however, since they do not impact on the ________ of the sentence | the clarity of meaning of the sentence is not compromised in the ‘incorrect’ form |
+ The answer should be a Noun. + In the text, it is stated that “meaning of the sentence is not compromised in the ‘incorrect’ form”. This also means ‘incorrect’ forms of rule do not impact the meaning of the sentence. So we can conclude that D. Meaning is the missing word of this question |
Keywords in Questions | Similar words in Passage |
Q13: such rules are likely to be ______ in the future | This grammar rule is a prime example of an unnecessary sanction which is likely to be abandoned in the future. |
+ We found the answer from the last sentence of paragraph E. In this sentence, it is said that this grammar rule is unnecessary sanction and is likely to be abandoned in the future. So abandoned is the missing word for this question. From the list of words in question, only answer F. Disregarded has same meaning as abandoned so we choose F for Q13. |
You should spend about 20 minutes on Questions 1-13, which are based on Reading Passage 1 below.
A. Language everywhere changes over time; it has to. A central reason that necessitates modification is to allow for developments in our world to be expressed. For example, the technological revolution alone has been responsible for the addition of a plethora of words to our vocabulary: hard drive, software, modem to name just a few. The Japanese writing script katakana, which was originally introduced in the 9th century as a means by which Buddhist monks could correctly interpret Chinese pronunciations, is now most commonly used to embrace foreign words for which there is no original Japanese character; pizza or hamburger for example. Likewise the western world’s exposure to and familiarity with foreign cultures now means that words such as sushi, nam bread and kebab, for example, are used by diners on a regular basis.
B. However, expansion of our vocabulary is just one element involved in how and why language evolves. Given the variation of dialects or regional accents present in most language systems, it is clear that an individual’s interpretation of what is actually correct and commonly used will vary quite dramatically, since this perception is based upon a combination of factors including the age, educational level and region of the country a person is from. As we go about our daily lives and interact with others from different backgrounds and experiences, the language we hear is often taken on board and incorporated into the way in which we communicate ourselves. Many phrases with American origins are now commonplace in British English for example, due to the frequency with which they are heard on television and in the movies.
C. Changes in language are often driven by the young and many such changes are commonly considered by older people to be a disintegration of standards rather than an evolution and an improvement. Let’s consider an Americanism commonly used by youngsters in all pans of the English speaking world. Used as an alternative to “Tom said…” it is now commonplace to hear “Tom goes, the pay rise was unacceptable.” or, “Tom was all, the pay rise was unacceptable.”; much to the horror of many traditionalists. However, this modification could also be considered to be adding to and not detracting from our ability to communicate effectively. To illustrate, let’s consider the original phrase “Tom said”; it is used solely to show’ the listener that we are reporting the words of Tom, while the modern variation, “Tom goes” has literally the same meaning. However, if the speaker chooses instead to use the latter phrase, “Tom was all”, they are also able to convey the message that Tom had an emotional reaction to the situation they are reporting, therefore a much more effective method of communicating information has been created, some may say. However, should the now’ commonly used texting abbreviations such as ‘gr8t’ (great) and ‘l8r’ (later) become permanent replacements of the original words, it is likely that even the most liberal amongst us would be horrified.
D. Variations on language are usually more readily accepted into informal language prior to them being absorbed for use in formal writing. Examples of words that we now commonly use, but were once considered incorrect, are ‘pea’ and ‘hopefully’. Let’s take pea; it derived from the word ‘pease’, which being an uncountable noun has the same form regardless of whether one or more pease were being spoken about. However, this was commonly overlooked and misunderstood, and through error the singular form of the vegetable became ‘pea’. More recently ‘hopefully’ was considered by many to be an inappropriate alternative to ‘I hope’; at best only accepted in informal use. The word hopefully is now’ fully acceptable in both informal speech and formal writing.
E. Some people believe that traditional usages of language are always more superior and refined than modern variations even when the reasons behind the rule were dubious in the first place. For example, it was once seriously frowned upon to split an infinitive in a sentence and even today it is considered grammatically incorrect to do so. To demonstrate, let’s consider the following sentence: ‘The examiner asked me to quietly leave the room’; this was considered incorrect as the word ‘quietly’ splits the infinitive of the verb ‘to leave’. The origins of this rule hail back to the 17th century when scholars believed that the English language should be adapted to follow the rules of Latin; then considered the perfect language. Since splitting infinitives in Latin is impossible, it was decided that splitting infinitives in English, even though possible, was not acceptable, Given that initial motivations behind the rule were questionable and the clarity of meaning of the sentence is not compromised in the ‘incorrect’ form, it could be argued that this grammar rule is a prime example of an unnecessary sanction which is likely to be abandoned in the future.
F. As language evolves, changes in grammar structures which would result in confusion of the actual meaning of the sentences are unlikely; however, the meanings of words are often modified or altered beyond recognition by different generations and can be easily misinterpreted by other social groups. Take, for example, the modern version of the word ‘bad’ meaning ‘great’ when used in contemporary slang. Many slang words remain dated in the era in which they are developed, for example words like ‘to beef, meaning to complain (introduced in the 1920’s) are not only dated but may not even be understood in a modern context, while others such as ‘guy’ become absorbed into mainstream language. Who knows what future generations will add to the ever changing environment of communication?
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Great thanks to volunteer Pham Hoa who has contributed these explanations and markings.
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Comments:
The give chart provides Information about the amount of waste produced by company A, company B and company C from 2000 to 2015.
It can be clearly seen that the amount of waste in company C increased while the amount of waste in company A decreased throughout the period.
Looking at the grap in more details, the amount of waste in company A declined moderately to about 9 between 2000 and 2010. There was a slight drop in this at about 8 in 2015. The amount of waste in company B went up sharply from around 8.5 to 10 over the following five years. The company B experienced significant decrease to 3 in 2020.
According the line graph, there was a steep growth in the amount of waste in company C at approximately 6 over a period of 5 years. In the year 2010, company C witnessed minimal rise at nearly 7. This grew markedly to almost 10 between 2010 to 2015.
The three pie charts below show the change in annual spending by a particular UK school in 1981,1991 and 2001.
The graphs illustrates the change for a United Kingdom school in the three years in 1981, 1982, and 1983.
Overall, we can clearly observe that over the period expenditure most in staff salaries. However, furniture as well as equipment increased rapidly and drops expenditure on things such as books and workers salaries.
In the three years, the greatest expenditure was on staff salaries,but while other workers salaries say a fall from 28% in 1981 to only 15% in 2001 . In the three years teachers pay demand the biggest cost reaching 50% total spending in 1991 and ending 45% in 2001.
Expenditure on resources like furniture as well as equipment to 15% by 1981 which increased dramatically to 23 percentage in ending years. Nevertheless, books was 20 proportion in 1991, which significant fall in 2001 from 9 %. The total spending of insurance rose minimally over the period.
More and more people start to succumb for drugs. What the causes of this phenomenon? Gave your solutions for this factor.
On the last time in various countries consuming the drugs becoming increasingly common among youth and adults. In this essay I will try to release the causes of this factor and present some remedies. First of all, it should be noted that approximately whole problems are cause by older generation. They convey misbehavior in form of that they experience necessary feelings to consume smoking either drinking that gradually switch to addiction and based on this younger generation see the pattern after which they succumb to try all of these mentioned above stuffs. Second reason may liie on the TV series, particularly in series such friends or euphoria where drugs mentioned not in less measure. Eventually, the plight retain also in the surrounding of humankind that force to them try such things like drugs to be able fight setbacks in their life individuals believe in refusing from them from this way. I consider the way out of these problems especially lies on the family side. They should have sense of responsibility when they show negative impacts for their children, take care about child mental statement to avoid of such events in the future life. second not less paramount solution is preventing the various illustrations about drugs in the movies that deteriorate right minds of individuals. Certainly people can not influence to fix others, however to beginning with they should to rise to the right way themselves after that no one can be the initiator for your businesses. Consequently, I infer humankind have a capacity to changing and transformation of their own life solely by rejection of the destroying things.
New technologies have changed the way children spend their free time . Do you think the advantages of this trend outweigh the disadvantages?
In recent years, new technologies like smartphones, tablets and gaming consoles have become ubiquitous , even among children. As a result , the way children spend their leisure time has been drastically altered .While this change has brought about both benefits and drawbacks , I believe that the advantages of this trend outweigh the disadvantages.
On the one hand, it is true that technology has its own downsides when it comes to kids. For instance, excessive screen time has been linked to poor sleep quality, impaired cognitive development , and increased risk of obesity. Children who spend too much time in front of screen may also find it too difficult to engage in other important activities such as sports, socializing with peers , and reading. Moreover, the internet can expose young people to inappropriate content, cyberbullying, and online predators.
On the other hand, there are several advantages to children spending their free time on technology. First and foremost, the use of technology devices can help develop crucial skills such as problem solving, critical thinking, and digital literacy . Many educational apps , games , and videos are available , which can enhance learning and encourage creativity. Additionally, technology provides an opportunity for social connection through online gaming communities, video chatting , and social media platforms. In today's world , where virtual communication has become increasingly important , technology enables children to stay in touch with friends and family who live far away.
In conclusion, while technology has some negative impacts on children's leisure time, its benefits outweigh its drawbacks. As long as parents monitor their children's screen time and ensure they engage in variety of activities , technology can be valuable tool for learning and socializing . Therefore , it is essential for parents and educators to embrace new technologies and encourage their responsible use among children.
Nowadays,more and more technical advertisements are spread around every place all over the world. Due to these developed technologies, most of the companies can advertise their products easier than before. I definitely agree to this point that advertising plays as a crucial role in our social lives.
If we were back to 19th century, not many advertisements were not known much and not as popular as in current time. Take us for example,
the advertisements in that time was very simple such as using only the cartoons charactors,
just encoding the main points for the products and using long theme songs for one advertisements. In the contrary, these ways could not be affected obviously to attract the people's mind to purchase their products. Why it could not be succeeded is that there were few houses owned the televisions for watching such kinds of advertisements.
Compared with such that time, today's system of advertisements are huge different dramatically. For example, the ways of advertisements are not conventional since many websites and social networks are influenced among the people's daliy life.The first point is everything can be chose and purchased smoothly with one touch on screen. Thousands of companies strive to get the high selling targets as much as they can by inserting their ads in social medias, creation their own pages and attracting with more or less amount of giveaways for subscribing their pages. Furthermore, advertising with the top celebrities is one of the ways to penetrate the marketing network. Seventy percents of people obsess about famous top stars so that the advertisements with them are able to influence the people's mind to buy the products which they advertise.The main point is that we can save our precious time by ordering the things we need from home without wasting time and energy. How splendid it is!
Taking all into account, it is more convinced to be one of the top sellers due to these developed technologies such as social networks. May be it was hard to sell even one thing to the customer.
Nevertheless, there is nothing to worry about the new products to be in the hands of the cosumers.
Through many ages, all of the situations and circumstances are transmitted from time to time.
Today many individuals think that children's parents should put restriction on their watching TV and playing video games routine and they should spend more time for read books. I totally agree with this statement because TV and video games are not very useful for children and books on the other hand are highly important for their study.
To begin with playing video games and watching TV are not useful for children because they put bad affect on eyesight as they spend more time on TV and video games. When they watch TV and playing video games, then they do not take food properly and they do not do study properly.For example, in India most three children come from their school they start watching TV and play video games due to this they lost their interest in study.As a result in coma, they cannot complete their study in good grade and they can decrease their eyesight and cannot do work properly in the future.
However, these days books are provide more knowledge to children or any person. Books are very beneficial for children because books are decrease stress and gain knowledge of children. Many type of books such as:. Poetry books, comic books, knowledgeable books, and scientific books are available in the market or libraries . For example, in the foreign country, some children gave preference to read books,they are get knowledge and start their big business in teenage and early settled in their life. Resultantly coma, reading books are very knowledgeable rather than watching TV and playing video games because books provide a discipline and knowledge to children.
In conclusion, children should read books rather than watching TV and playing video games because reading books, give more knowledge to children and watching TV and playing video games are not useful, these waste their precious time. So they can't achieve their goal in their life. If children spend more time on watching TV and playing video games, parents should prevent from this bad habit.
nowadays, children spend their most of time for playing games and no enough time for physical activitiesCurrently, most of the children’s spending thier time in video play on mobile devices and also playing game on computers, because new generation, nowadays they interest in mobile games and aslo playing movies on tv its is not essential for students, so i disagree with that. on the other hand. students who spend their time on physical activities like they playing games on outside and they are mentally and physically fit because, physically activity is more better then spending time on mobile devices.
so,i disagree with that. In my opinion,children spend thier time in physical activities,moreover when they most of time in physical activities they are fully fit and thier health is aslo good.
As we know that, technology has increasing day by day and it has made our life too much easier and comfortable. However, many researchers says that in future all transportation vehicles will be automatic drive and when travelling inside these only passengers without driver. According to me, I think it has some cons and some pros so that before commitment on my opinion I will explain my thought in this essay.
First of all, driverless travelling is a good idea because people can easily reach on their destination without driving and they don’t have trouble in future. Moreover, nowadays many people used to cars, truck and public transportation like bus, so that traffic has also increased and people stuck in traffic jam. In this situation people have to face many difficulties while driving these vehicles but when it will become a driverless people will seat inside car and enjoy with friends and family and they also will not feel bored.
On the other side, it has many drawbacks for human beings such as, many people not interested in this offer because they are not take any risk while travelling in car, truck or buses without driver. Automatic transportation will become riskier for us especially for youngsters. They like to drive faster and with automatic they will want to travelling like a flying. In addition, In my country, many individuals earn money on the basis driving. Therefore, if it become driverless they lost their earring platform.
In conclusion, I believe that it’s disadvantage of driverless vehicles outweigh the advantages because it’s become a riskier and people have to chances to lost their job as a driver.
In this contemporary epoch, it is vehemently true that the extreme amount of traffic have been created difficulties in not only few cities but in globe. The impending paragraphs intends to give a brief explanation of notions along with my personal whim.
Commencing with the paragraph, it reckons that due to extreme traffic jam the utter hustle and bustle have been created on paths. Ironically, it causes a lot of pollution in all over world. Firstly, a huge proportion of chronic disease have became a part of this reason. For instance, health organization inculcate that 85% of fetal disease are occuring due to the pollution cause by traffic. Moreover, accidents is the second major hardship for citizens. There are countless individuals who have lost there kith and kins in road accidents. However, most of the cases happens only because of the huge disturbance or traffic on the main roads and highways.
To conclude, it is a vital problem for all over world . So, individuals should be cooperative and should also give their support in controlling it. In addition to it, if more quicker Government will take these initiative steps than more rapidly the problems and hardships faced by traffic jam will fade.
How can i get my writing part valued?