Do the following statements agree with the claims of the writer in Reading Passage?
In boxes 14-17 on your answer sheet write

14 TRUEFALSENOT GIVEN Cities rather than rural areas were badly affected by the pandemic flu.
15 TRUEFALSENOT GIVEN At the time of the flu pandemic, people didn’t know the link between micro-organisms and illnesses.
16 TRUEFALSENOT GIVEN People used to believe flu was caused by miasmas.
17 TRUEFALSENOT GIVEN Flu prescriptions often contained harmful ingredients.

• 14 Answer: NOT GIVEN
  Giải thích Report

  Keywords in Questions	Similar words in Passage
  Q14: Cities rather than rural areas were badly affected by the pandemic flu.
  Note: According to the passage, a lot of famous cities such as Russia, London, Paris, Berlin and Vienna had been seriously affected by the flu. “all reported a huge upsurge (huge rise) in deaths”.  Meanwhile, there is no information about how the flu influenced rural areas thus we cannot make a comparison between cities and country sites, the answer is Not Given. You may get confused when reading this sentence: “Most epidemics carried off the poor and weak, the old and frail. This flu was cutting as great a swathe through the upper classes, dealing death to the rich and famous, and the young and fit.”  You might argue that normally the poor live in rural areas while the rich live in cities, then come to a conclusion that the statement is true. But both rich and poor people can live in the same city as well. While doing IELTS reading, do not make assumption. It is simply that the above sentences did not clearly indicate where the flu happened, so we do not have enough information to say the statement is true.

• 15 Answer: FALSE
  Locate Giải thích Report

  Keywords in Questions	Similar words in Passage
  Q15:  At the time of the flu pandemic, people didn’t know the link between micro-organisms and illnesses.	By now, the theory that micro-organisms caused disease was gaining ground
  Note: As being shown in the article, at the time of the flu pandemic, people already knew that micro-organisms caused illness. There is an idiom you should remember “gain ground”. If something such as an idea gains ground, it gradually becomes more widely known or more popular. Therefore, we can identify the final answer is False.

• 16 Answer: TRUE
  Locate Giải thích Report

  Keywords in Questions	Similar words in Passage
  Q16: People used to believe flu was caused by miasmas.	No one had identified an organism responsible for flu (and wouldn’t until 1933). In the absence of a germ, many clung to the old idea of bad airs, or mi­asmas, possibly stirred by some great physical force - earthquakes, perhaps, or electrical phenomena in the upper atmosphere, even a passing comet.
  Note: In the past, people know that micro-organisms caused disease but they had not found out what it was until 1933. They believed that bad airs or miasmas resulted in flu pandemic. The statement is true.

• 17 Answer: NOT GIVEN
  Giải thích Report

  Keywords in Questions	Similar words in Passage
  Q17: Flu prescriptions often contained harmful ingredients.	Alcohol figured prominently among the prescriptions: one eminent English doctor suggested champagne, although he conceded “brandy M in considerable quantities has sometimes been given with manifest advantages”. French doctors prescribed warm alcoholic drinks, arguing that they never saw an alcoholic with flu.
  Note: The final answer is not given. The author said that alcohol was the main ingredients of the flu prescription. With proper quantity, using alcohol brought obvious advantages and it’s impossible for us to know whether alcohol was harmful or not. Furthermore, we cannot identify any synonyms nor paraphrasing words of “harmful ingredients” mentioned in the article.

Look at the following people (Questions 22-25) and the list of statements.
Match each person with the correct statement.
Write the correct letter A-F in boxes 22-25 on your answer sheet.

22 ABCDEF       Mrs. Carlill

• 22 Answer: C
  Locate Giải thích Report

  Keywords in Questions	Similar words in Passage
  Q22: Mrs. Carlill - Initiated a legal case	Louisa recovered and sued
  Note: The full name of Mrs.Carlill was Louisa Carlill, therefore while scanning, we should look for keywords both Mrs.Carlill and Louisa to locate the information needed. According to the article, the housewife sued the company after she got recovered. It is obvious that “initiated a legal case” is another expression of “sued somebody for something”. It is proven to get the answer C.

• 23 Answer: A
  Locate Giải thích Report

  Keywords in Questions	Similar words in Passage
  Q23:  Mrs. Carlill’s husband - Filed a complaint which was never responded to	On 20 January, Louisa’s husband wrote to the Carbolic Smoke Ball Company . [...] There was no reply.
  Note: Mrs.Carlill’s husband was the one who wrote to the Company to complain about the fact that his wife had flu even though she had already bought a smoke ball and followed the instructions. But there was no feedback/ reply/ response. Therefore, the answer is A

• 24 Answer: D
  Locate Giải thích Report

  Keywords in Questions	Similar words in Passage
  Q24: Judge Hawkins -  Described the audience of advertisement	Judge Hawkins pointed out that adverts were not aimed at the wise and thoughtful, but at the credulous and weak. A vendor who made a promise “must not be surprised if occasionally he is held to his promise”.
  Note: As is indicated in the paragraph, Judge Hawkins described the audience of the adverts was not the wise and thoughtful but the simple, easy-to-believe and weak. For this reason, we can choose D to be the final answer.

• 25 Answer: F
  Locate Giải thích Report

  Keywords in Questions	Similar words in Passage
  Q25: Lord Justice Bowen - Treated advertisement as a type of contract	“ It seems to me that if a person chooses to make extrava­gant promises of this kind, he probably does so because it pays him to make them , and, if he has made them, the extravagance of the promises is no reason in law why he should not be bound by them,” pronounced Lord Justice Bowen .
  Note: By searching for the particular name “Lord Justice Bowen”, we realise that the name appeared once in the whole passage thus it is much easier for us to identify the answer. The sentence “the extravagance of the promises is no reason in law why he should not be bound by them” can be understood as: no matter how extravagant the promises are, individuals should still be bound by their promises. Among 06 given choices, we can see that the statement “treated adverts as a type of contract” has the same meaning. Of course, the final answer is F

Reading Passage 3 has eight sections A-H.
Choose the correct heading for each section from the list of headings below.
Write the correct number i-x in boxes 27-34 on your answer sheet.

27 iiiiiiivvviviiviiiixx Section A
28 iiiiiiivvviviiviiiixx  Section B
29 iiiiiiivvviviiviiiixx  Section C
30 iiiiiiivvviviiviiiixx  Section D
31 iiiiiiivvviviiviiiixx  Section E
32 iiiiiiivvviviiviiiixx  Section F
33 iiiiiiivvviviiviiiixx  Section G
34 iiiiiiivvviviiviiiixx  Section H

• 27 Answer: iii
  Locate Giải thích Report

  Keywords in Questions	Similar words in Passage
  Q27: Section A: Physical explanation	Hippocrates believed there were four different body fluids that influenced four basic types of temperament. His work was further developed 500 years later by Galen. These days there are any number of self-assessment tools that relate to the basic descriptions developed by Galen, although we no longer believe the source to be the types of body fluid that dominate our systems.
  Note: In the past, people thought that 04 different body fluids could influence four basic types of temperament. Nowadays, we still base on basic descriptions of Galen’s works to develop self-assessment tools but we no longer believe that physical explanation anymore. Therefore the heading A matches the statement iii

• 28 Answer: vii
  Locate Giải thích Report

  Keywords in Questions	Similar words in Passage
  Q28: Section B: The benefits of understanding communication styles	The  values  in  self-assessments  that  help  determine  personality  style [...] When  used  appropriately,  understanding communication styles can help resolve conflict on teams.
  Note: Running eyes over the first and the two last sentence of paragraph B, we can quickly grab its main idea which clearly matches the statement vii. According to the section, one of the benefits of understanding communication styles is to resolve conflict on teams.

• 29 Answer: i
  Locate Giải thích Report

  Keywords in Questions	Similar words in Passage
  Q29 Section C: Summarising personality types	Hippocrates and later Galen determined there were four basic temperaments: sanguine, phlegmatic, melancholic and choleric . These descriptions were developed centuries ago and are still somewhat apt, although you could update the wording. In today’s world, they translate into the four fairly common communication styles described below:
  Note: The first sentence of this short section listed out/summarised 04 types of personality in general, therefore we can immediately choose the answer. Do not waste too much time on such easy question but move to the next ones in no time. Undoubtedly, the final answer is i

• 30 Answer: iv
  Locate Giải thích Report

  Keywords in Questions	Similar words in Passage
  Q30: Section D: A lively person who encourages	[...] They invest a lot of emotion and energy in their communication and often speak quickly.  [...] Because of their enthusiasm, they are great team motivators . They are concerned about people and relationships.
  Note: The two keywords should be noticed in the statement are “lively” and “encourages” of which synonyms can be found in paragraph D. This section described the sanguine person as a lively, energetic individual and a great team motivator. Obviously, the statement talks about sanguine people hence iv is the correct answer.

• 31 Answer: ix
  Locate Giải thích Report

  Keywords in Questions	Similar words in Passage
  Q31: Section E - Factual and analytical personality	Tile phlegmatic person - cool and persevering - translates into the technical or systematic communication style . This style of communication is focused on facts and technical details.
  Note: Skimming section E, we can realize that phlegmatic people concentrate on facts and details, “their focus is very much on the task, not on the people, emotions”. With this reason, we can assure that paragraph E should be matched with statement ix

• 32 Answer: viii
  Locate Giải thích Report

  Keywords in Questions	Similar words in Passage
  Q32: Section F - Cautious and caring	Tile melancholic person who is soft hearted and oriented toward doing things for others translates into the considerate or sympathetic communication style.[...] They want to solicit everyone’s opinion and make sure everyone is comfortable with whatever is required to get the job done.
  Note: The main idea of section F matches the statement viii. At the first sentence, we can make sure that melancholic person is caring, soft hearted, love doing things for others. The following sentences explain more about “caring” nature of these people. According to the article, they are also cautious because they ask for everyone’s opinion and ensure the comfort of all members as well.

• 33 Answer: v
  Locate Giải thích Report

  Keywords in Questions	Similar words in Passage
  Q33: Section G - Demanding and unsympathetic personality	They are big picture thinkers and love to be involved in many things at once. They are focused on tasks and outcomes and often forget that the people involved in carrying out the tasks have needs [...]  Because they are so direct, they often seem forceful and can be very intimidating to others.
  Note: According to section G, the choleric people often pay too much attention to their tasks, therefore they forget about the needs of their coworkers or in other words they have unsympathetic personality. (the subject “people involved in carrying out the tasks” can be understood as “people working with them to do the tasks” or “their coworkers/colleagues”) . To save time while doing the test, with this information you already can conclude the answer is v. In case you do not understand the word “unsympathetic” but do know the word “demanding”, as you can see in this paragraph, the choleric people “love to be involved in many things at once” and some adjectives such as “direct”, “forceful”, “intimidating to others” (threatening to others) were used to describe their nature. Therefore you can make the match G-v

• 34 Answer: ii
  Locate Giải thích Report

  Keywords in Questions	Similar words in Passage
  Q34: Section H: Combined styles for workplace	A well-functioning team should have all of these communication styles for true effectiveness . All teams need to focus on the task, and they need to take care of relationships in order to achieve those tasks. They need the big picture perspective or the context of their work, and they need the details to be identified and taken care of for success.
  Note: Matching H - ii is a correct answer. Right at the first sentence of paragraph H, the author had indicated the necessity of combining all communication styles for  workplace. Tip: In this article, it is easy for us to get the main idea of the paragraph H because it had been straight away indicated in the first sentence. But normally for a long section like H, we should use both skim and read for gist techniques to avoid being trapped.

Do the following statements agree with the information given in Reading Passage 3?
In boxes 35-39 on your answer sheet, write

35 TRUEFALSENOT GIVEN It is believed that sanguine people dislike variety.
36 TRUEFALSENOT GIVEN Melancholic and phlegmatic people have similar characteristics.
37 TRUEFALSENOT GIVEN Managers often select their best employees according to personality types.
38 TRUEFALSENOT GIVEN It is possible to change one’s personality type.
39 TRUEFALSENOT GIVEN Workplace environment can affect which communication style is most effective.    

• 35 Answer: FALSE
  Locate Giải thích Report

  Tip: In part 3 of this test, it is recommended for you to complete T/F/NG questions first because the given questions are usually in order and take less time to get the correct answers. To do T/F/NG questions one of the skills needed is reading for detail which helps you simultaneously get a better understanding of the main ideas of the paragraphs to do matching heading section later.
  Keywords in Questions	Similar words in Passage
  Q35:It is believed that sanguine people dislike variety.	The sanguine person would be the expressive or spirited style of communication. [...] They love change and are constantly looking for new and exciting adventures .
  Note: By using scan technique, we can find out that paragraph D contained information about sanguine people. According to the last sentence of the paragraph, sanguine people love change, or in other words, they like variety. Therefore we can confirm that the statement is False.

• 36 Answer: TRUE
  Locate Giải thích Report

  Keywords in Questions	Similar words in Passage
  Q36: Melancholic and phlegmatic people have similar characteristics.	They believe that change threatens the status quo and tends to make people feel uneasy, so people with this communication style, like phlegmatic people need time to consider the changes in order to adapt to them.
  Note: Search for keywords “melancholic” and “phlegmatic”, we acknowledge that the answer can be located in paragraphs E and F, most likely to be indicated in the latter when both two personalities had already been described. The whole paragraph F defined the personality of melancholic people. At the end of paragraph F, the author said they and phlegmatic ones have the same characteristics, for example, they need time to adapt to changes. Hence the answer is True

• 37 Answer: NOT GIVEN
  Giải thích Report

  Keywords in Questions	Similar words in Passage
  Q37: Managers often select their best employees according to personality types.
  Note: In the whole passage, there is no sentence containing information about how managers select their employees. It is obvious for us to make sure that the answer is Not given.

• 38 Answer: TRUE
  Locate Giải thích Report

  Keywords in Questions	Similar words in Passage
  Q38: It is possible to change one’s personality type.	We all have aspects of each style within us. Some of us can easily move from one style to another and adapt our style to the needs of the situation at hand-whether the focus is on tasks or relationships [...] Some people use one style at work and another at home.
  Note: the answer is true. As being shown in paragraph H, a person has all aspects of 4 communication styles and it is possible for someone to change their personalities from one style to another. When we reach the end of the paragraph, it is noticeable that the last sentence reconfirms the possibility to change our personality type one more time.

• 39 Answer: TRUE
  Locate Giải thích Report

  Keywords in Questions	Similar words in Passage
  Q39:Workplace environment can affect which communication style is most effective	The work environment can influence communication styles either by the type of work that is required or by the predominance of onestyle reflected in that environment .
  Note: The information can be located in the last paragraph H. You should notice that the two verbs “affect” and “influence” are synonyms and can be used interchangeably in most circumstances. Therefore, the statement is true.