IELTS Recent Mock Tests Volume 3
- Đăng ngày: 31 Jan 2018
- Tests taken: 1,145,750
Đáp án
Part 1: Question 1 - 13
- 1 TRUE
- 2 NOT GIVEN
- 3 FALSE
- 4 FALSE
- 5 TRUE
- 6 TRUE
- 7 NOT GIVEN
- 8 tools
- 9 nomadic
- 10 grouped (together)
- 11 foodstuffs
- 12 20,000 persons
- 13 craft specialists
Part 2: Question 14 - 26
- 14 black stripes
- 15 12 million
- 16 Australia
- 17 European
- 18 A
- 19 D
- 20 C
- 21 B
- 22 A
- 23 D
- 24 B
- 25 D
- 26 A
Part 3: Question 27 - 40
- 27 v
- 28 ix
- 29 i
- 30 vi
- 31 x
- 32 viii
- 33 C
- 34 B
- 35 D
- 36 D
- 37 A
- 38 Horace Walpole
- 39 fairy tale
- 40 Sri Lanka
Leaderboard:
| # | Thành viên | Điểm | Thời gian | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DUNG Ngô Thị Mỹ |
|
9.0 | 15:11 | |
| sudharshan sundararajan |
|
9.0 | 15:28 | |
| VU CHUC AN |
|
9.0 | 16:27 | |
| 4 | Trinh Thuy Duong |
|
9.0 | 16:29 |
| 5 | Vũ Huy |
|
9.0 | 16:37 |
| 6 | Nguyen Thu Ha |
|
9.0 | 17:12 |
| 7 | Le Linh |
|
9.0 | 17:31 |
| 8 | Nhi Tran |
|
9.0 | 17:36 |
| 9 | Smit Savaliya |
|
9.0 | 17:43 |
| 10 | rahul singh |
|
9.0 | 20:25 |
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There are four sections in the Listening test. The first two sections are general listening situations, whereas the last two sections are academic...
Giải thích chi tiết
Questions 1-7
Do the following statements agree with the information given in Reading Passage 1?
In boxes 1-7 on your answer sheet, write
| TRUE | if the statement agrees with the information |
| FALSE | if the statement contradicts the information |
| NOT GIVEN | If there is no information on this |
1 There’s little economic difference between members of a clan.
2 The farmers of a tribe grow a wide range of plants.
3 One settlement is more important than any other settlements in a tribe.
4 A member’s status in a chiefdom is determined by how much land he owns.
5 There are people who craft goods in chiefdoms.
6 The king keeps the order of a state by using an army.
7 Bureaucratic officers receive higher salaries than other members.
- 1 Answer: TRUE
Keywords in Questions
Similar words in Passage
Q1: There’s little economic difference between members of a clan.
Clans lack formal leaders, so there are no marked economic differences or disparities in status among their members.
Note:
Based on the keyword “clan”, we can easily find out the needed information. Accordingly, there are no marked economic differences in status among clans’ members, which means there are no noticeable economic differences. In other words, there is little economic difference between members of a clan. From that point, we can conclude that the statement is TRUE.
- 2 Answer: NOT GIVEN
Keywords in Questions
Similar words in Passage
Q2: The farmers of a tribe grow a wide range of plants.
These are generally larger than mobile hunter-gatherer groups, but rarely number more than a few thousand, and their diet or subsistence is based largely on cultivated plants and domesticated animals
Note:
After scanning paragraphs providing information about tribes, we are informed that tribes are larger than clans and their diet is based largely on cultivated plants. This point cannot be the evidence to conclude whether the statement in Q2 is true or not. All in all, the statement is NOT GIVEN.
- 3 Answer: FALSE
Keywords in Questions
Similar words in Passage
Q3: One settlement is more important than any other settlements in a tribe.
The typical settlement pattern for tribes is one of settled agricultural homesteads or villages. Characteristically, no one settlement dominates any of the others in the region.
Note
Based on the keywords, we can locate the needed information to answer this question. It was written that the typical settlement pattern for tribes is settled agricultural homesteads or village and no one settlement dominates any of the others. In other words, one settlement cannot be more important than any other settlements in a tribe. Therefore, the statement is FALSE.
- 4 Answer: FALSE
Keywords in Questions
Similar words in Passage
Q4: A member’s status in a chiefdom is determined by how much land he owns.
These operate on the principle of ranking—differences in social status between people. Different lineages (a lineage is a group claiming descent from a common ancestor) are graded on a scale of prestige, and the senior lineage, and hence the society as a whole, is governed by a chief
Note
On scanning information about chiefdoms, we are aware that those exactly operate on the principle of ranking-differences in social status between people and that status is determined by lineages which are groups claiming descent from a common ancestor. From that point, we can conclude that the statement is FALSE.
- 5 Answer: TRUE
Keywords in Questions
Similar words in Passage
Q5: There are people who craft goods in chiefdoms.
Often, there is local specialisation in craft products, and surpluses of these and of foodstuffs are periodically paid as obligation to the chief.
Note:
Based on the keywords “craft” and “chiefdoms”, we can find out the needed information. Accordingly, there is local specialization in craft products. It seems like that some people produce this craft product and some people produce that craft product. Then, it is apparent that there are people who craft goods in chiefdoms. Thus, the statement is TRUE.
- 6 Answer: TRUE
Keywords in Questions
Similar words in Passage
Q6: The king keeps the order of a state by using an army.
These preserve many of the features of chiefdoms, but the ruler (perhaps a king or sometimes a queen) has explicit authority to establish laws and also to enforce them by the use of a standing army
Note
As referring to “the king”, we need to study the information about early states. According to that, the king or the ruler has the authority to establish laws and enforce them by the use of a standing army. In other words, the kings can keep the order of a state by using an army. Hence, the statement is TRUE.
- 7 Answer: NOT GIVEN
Keywords in Questions
Similar words in Passage
Q7: Bureaucratic officers receive higher salaries than other members.
The central capital houses a bureaucratic administration of officials; one of their principal purposes is to collect revenue (often in the form of taxes and tolls) and distribute it to government, army and craft specialists.
Note:
Continuing to study information about early states, we acknowledge that the principle purpose of a bureaucratic administration of officials is to collect revenue and distribute it. Apart from that, there is no information given that bureaucratic officers receive higher salary than other members. Therefore, the statement is NOT GIVEN.
Questions 8-13
Answer the questions below.
Choose NO MORE THAN TWO WORDS OR/AND A NUMBER from the passage for each answer.
Write your answers in boxes 8-13 on your answer sheet.
What are made at the clan work sites?
8
What is the other way of life for tribes besides settled farming?
9
How are Catalhoyuk’s housing units arranged?
10
What does a chief give to his subjects as rewards besides crafted goods?
11
What is the largest possible population of a chiefdom?
12
Which group of people is at the bottom of an early state but higher than the farmers?
13
- 8 Answer: tools
Keywords in Questions
Similar words in Passage
Q8: What are made at the clan work sites?
and work sites, where tools are made or other specific activities carried out
Note
Based on keywords, we can find out the needed information in the paragraph about clans. Specifically, following the keyword “work sites” is the adverb “where”. It can be seen as a suggestion for the answer’s appearance. In other words, we can assume that tools are made or other specific activities carried out at work sites. Then, the answer is “tools”.
- 9 Answer: nomadic
Keywords in Questions
Similar words in Passage
Q9: What is the other way of life for tribes besides settled farming?
Typically, they are settled farmers, but they may be nomadic with a very different, mobile economy based on the intensive exploitation of livestock
Note
On studying the information about tribes, we can find out the needed information for this question. Besides being settled farmers, accordingly, they may be nomadic with a very different, mobile economy. From that point, we can figure out that the other way of life for tribes is nomadic.
- 10 Answer: grouped (together)
Keywords in Questions
Similar words in Passage
Q10: How are Catalhoyuk’s housing units arranged?
they may be clusters of buildings grouped together, for example, the pueblos of the American Southwest, and the early farming village or small town of Catalhoyuk in modern Turkey.
Note
Based on the keyword “Catalhoyuk”, we can locate the information needed. Since “housing units” is similar to “clusters of buildings”, we are aware that small town of Catalhoyuk in modern Turkey is clusters of buildings grouped together. In other words, Catalhoyuk’s housing units grouped together. Thus, the answer for this question is “grouped (together)”.
- 11 Answer: foodstuffs
Keywords in Questions
Similar words in Passage
Q11: What does a chief give to his subjects as rewards besides crafted goods?
Often, there is local specialisation in craft products, and surpluses of these and of foodstuffs are periodically paid as obligation to the chief.
Note
As referring to “a chief”, we scan the information in the paragraph about chiefdoms. Accordingly, surpluses of craft products and of foodstuffs are periodically paid as obligation to the chief. In other words, a chief give foodstuffs to his subjects as rewards besides crafted goods. Hence, the answer is “foodstuffs”.
- 12 Answer: 20,000 persons
Keywords in Questions
Similar words in Passage
Q12: What is the largest possible population of a chiefdom?
Chiefdoms vary greatly in size, but the range is generally between about 5000 and 20,000 persons.
Note
Continuing to study about chiefdoms, we can find out the answer for this question. As shown, the population range of a chiefdom is generally between about 5000 and 20,000 persons. Then, the largest possible population of a chiefdom is 20,000 (persons)”.
- 13 Answer: craft specialists
Keywords in Questions
Similar words in Passage
Q13: Which group of people is at the bottom of an early state but higher than the farmers?
Agricultural workers and the poorer urban dwellers form the lowest classes, with the craft specialists above, and the priests and kinsfolk of the ruler higher still.
Note
Generally, we need to study the information in the paragraph about early states. Accordingly, farmers and the poorer urban dwellers form the lowest classes while the craft specialists account for higher classes and the priests and kinsfolk of the ruler form the higher classes. From that point, we figure out that the group of people at a higher class than the farmers is the craft specialists. Then, the answer is “craft specialists”.
READING PASSAGE 1
You should spend about 20 minutes on Questions 1-13, which are based on Reading Passage 1 below.
CLASSIFYING SOCIETIES
Although humans have established many types of societies throughout history, sociologists and anthropologists tend to classify different societies according to the degree to which different groups within a society have unequal access to advantages such as resources, prestige or power, and usually refer to four basic types of societies. From least to most socially Complex they are clans, tribes, chiefdoms and states.
Clan
These are small-scale societies of hunters and gatherers, generally of fewer than 100 people, who move seasonally to exploit wild (undomesticated) food resources. Most surviving hunter-gatherer groups are of this kind, such as the Hadza of Tanzania or the San of southern Africa. Clan members are generally kinsfolk, related by descent or marriage. Clans lack formal leaders, so there are no marked economic differences or disparities in status among their members.
Because clans are composed of mobile groups of hunter-gatherers, their sites consist mainly of seasonally occupied camps, and other smaller and more specialised sites. Among the latter are kill or butchery sites—locations where large mammals are killed and sometimes butchered— and work sites, where tools are made or other specific activities carried out. The base camp of such a group may give evidence of rather insubstantial dwellings or temporary shelters, along with the debris of residential occupation.
Tribe
These are generally larger than mobile hunter-gatherer groups, but rarely number more than a few thousand, and their diet or subsistence is based largely on cultivated plants and domesticated animals. Typically, they are settled farmers, but they may be nomadic with a very different, mobile economy based on the intensive exploitation of livestock. These are generally multi-community societies, with the individual communities integrated into the larger society through kinship ties. Although some tribes have officials and even a "capital" or seat of government, such officials lack the economic base necessary for effective use of
The typical settlement pattern for tribes is one of settled agricultural homesteads or villages. Characteristically, no one settlement dominates any of the others in the region. Instead, the archaeologist finds evidence for isolated, permanently occupied houses or for permanent villages. Such villages may be made up of a collection of free-standing houses, like those of the first farms of the Danube valley in Europe. Or they may be clusters of buildings grouped together, for example, the pueblos of the American Southwest, and the early farming village or small town of (catalhoyuk in modern Turkey.
Chiefdom
These operate on the principle of ranking—differences in social status between people. Different lineages (a lineage is a group claiming descent from a common ancestor) are graded on a scale of prestige, and the senior lineage, and hence the society as a whole, is governed by a chief. Prestige and rank are determined by how closely related one is to the chief, and there is no true stratification into classes. The role of the chief is crucial.
Often, there is local specialisation in craft products, and surpluses of these and of foodstuffs are periodically paid as obligation to the chief. He uses these to maintain his retainers, and may use them for redistribution to his subjects. The chiefdom generally has a center of power, often with temples, residences of the chief and his retainers, and craft specialists. Chiefdoms vary greatly in size, but the range is generally between about 5000 and 20,000 persons.
Early State
These preserve many of the features of chiefdoms, but the ruler (perhaps a king or sometimes a queen) has explicit authority to establish laws and also to enforce them by the use of a stand-ing army. Society no longer depends totally upon kin relationships: it is now stratified into dif-ferent classes. Agricultural workers and the poorer urban dwellers form the lowest classes, with the craft specialists above, and the priests and kinsfolk of the ruler higher still. The functions of the ruler are often separated from those of the priest: palace is distinguished from temple. The society is viewed as a territory owned by the ruling lineage and populated by tenants who have an obligation to pay taxes. The central capital houses a bureaucratic administration of officials; one of their principal purposes is to collect revenue (often in the form of taxes and tolls) and distribute it to government, army and craft specialists. Many early states developed complex redistribution systems to support these essential services.
This rather simple social typology, set out by Elman Service and elaborated by William Sanders and Joseph Marino, can be criticised, and it should not be used unthinkingly. Never-theless, if we are seeking to talk about early societies, we must use words and hence concepts to do so. Service’s categories provide a good framework to help organise our thoughts.
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