According to the information in the passage, classify the following information as relating to:

Write the correct letter, A, B or C in boxes 13-15 on your answer sheet

13 ABC are protected by secretions on their skin.

14 ABC are often colored to match the environment.

15 ABC aggressively use toxins.

• 13 Answer: A
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  Note: In order to save time, you should consider which part should be done first by taking a glance at the types of the given questions. For this passage, the questions are divided into 03 categories: classification, T/F/NG and short answers question. It is recommended to finish the T/F/NG before completing the two others.

  Notice:

  • All the relevant information to answer the questions 13-15 can be found in the second paragraph only

  • T/F/NG questions follow the sequence of the paragraphs

  Keywords in Questions	Similar words in Passage
  Q13:________ are protected by secretions on their skin.	A poisonous creature is one that has a chemical component to dissuade potential predators; they usually secrete toxins through their skin so that their attacker is poisoned.
  Note: It is obvious that the answer is A because the poisonous creatures secrete toxins through their skin to protect themselves from potential predators.

• 14 Answer: B
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  Q14: ­­________ are often colored to match the environment.	This differentiation [………… ] whereas those classed as venomous are often camouflaged to blend in with their surroundings, making them more efficient hunters.
  Note: The answer is B: a venomous creature is usually a hunter/predator/attacker who is blending in with the environment.

• 15 Answer: B
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  Q15: ________ aggressively use toxins.	“There are two classes of creature that use chemicals in either attack or defence [……] A venomous creature, on the other hand, is not so passive – they use toxins not in defence but in attack”
  Note: The first sentence of the paragraph said that both the poisonous and the venomous use toxins for different purposes. If you don’t carefully read the question, you might stop here and choose the answer C – a wrong answer. You should keep continuing, just for sure. It’s important to notice the adverb “aggressively” of which synonym “not so passive” is found later. The correct answer for this question is B.

Do the following statements agree with the information given in Reading Passage 2?

In boxes 16-22 on your answer sheet write

16 TRUEFALSENOT GIVEN There is a common misunderstanding of the difference between poisonous and venomous
17 TRUEFALSENOT GIVEN Significant environmental disasters are more damaging than animals
18 TRUEFALSENOT GIVEN The poison dart frog obtains its poison from its environment
19 TRUEFALSENOT GIVEN Touching a puffer fish can cause paralysis
20 TRUEFALSENOT GIVEN The Brazilian Wandering spider kills more people every year than any other venomous creature.
21 TRUEFALSENOT GIVEN The box jellyfish can cause death by drowning
22 TRUEFALSENOT GIVEN The tentacles on a box jellyfish are used for movement

• 16 Answer: NOT GIVEN
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  Q16 There is a common misunderstanding of the difference between poisonous and venomous

  Note: The answer is NOT GIVEN. It can be seen that the information about the difference between the poisonous and venomous is mentioned in the second paragraph, but there is no common misunderstanding being found.

• 17 Answer: FALSE
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  Q17: Significant environmental disasters are more damaging than animals	Earthquakes, tsunami and volcanoes are some of natures more cataclysmic risks, but fade in comparison to the dangers presented by the more aggressive flora and fauna
  Note: According to the article, natural disasters can be danger but cause less damage (same meaning to “fade in comparison to”) than animals; hence the answer is FALSE

• 18 Answer: TRUE
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  Q18: The poison dart frog obtains its poison from its environment	It is interesting to note, however, that when bred in captivity, the dart frog is not actually poisonous – it generates its protection from its diet of poisonous ants, centipedes and mites.
  Note: By scanning the word “poison dart frog” we know that the potential answer can be found in the third paragraph. When in captivity, the frog do not generates its poison by itself but obtains the toxin from its diet (in other words, its environment). For that reason, the answer is TRUE

• 19 Answer: FALSE
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  Q19: Touching a puffer fish can cause paralysis	“Although not aggressive or externally dangerous, its extremely high levels of toxicity cause rapid paralysis and death when ingested”
  Note: Because the puffer fish is not dangerous for people to touch, only eating the fish can cause paralysis or death, the statement is FALSE.

• 20 Answer: NOT GIVEN
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  Q20: The Brazilian Wandering spider kills more people every year than any other venomous creature.	“ In the arachnid world, the spider that has been identified as being the most venomous is the Brazilian wandering spider. It is responsible for the most number of human deaths of any spider.”
  Note: With the given information, we can only confirm that the Brazilian wandering spider kills more people than any other kinds of spider. We don’t know whether this spider kills more people than other venomous creatures or not and the statement is not contrast to the given information in the article so the final answer is NOT GIVEN.

• 21 Answer: TRUE
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  Q21: The box jellyfish can cause death by drowning	“These barbs inject toxins which attack the nervous system, heart and skin cells, the intense pain of which can cause human victims to go in shock, drown or die of heart failure before even reaching shore.”
  Note: As being indicated, the statement is TRUE. The toxin in the barbs of the box jellyfish can cause death by drowning or heart failure.

• 22 Answer: NOT GIVEN
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  Q22: The tentacles on a box jellyfish are used for movement	“The box jellyfish has tentacles that can be as long as 10 feet [….] Each tentacle has billions of stinging cells, which, when they come into contact with others, can shoot a poisonous barb from each cell”
  Note: In the last paragraph, we can find out the length (10 feet) and the function of stinging cells in the tentacles, but we don’t know whether the box jellyfish uses the tentacles for movement or not. Thus, the answer is NOT GIVEN.

Match each statement with the correct person.

Write the correct answer A-D in boxes 27-33 on your answer sheet.

27 ABCDE A successful solution can only be found when there is a clear corporate structure for decision making.
28 ABCDE Decisions made without full consideration of the details are a potential by-product of pressure.
29 ABCDE Decision making that does not look into motives for the issue is the primary reason for continued problems.
30 ABCDE Poor decision making is the most easily identified form of weak managerial ability.
31 ABCDE Seeking a staff member on whom responsibility can be placed can have negative effects.
32 ABCDE Decision making abilities are at least partly formulated long before they have any business application.
33 ABCDE Long term solutions can only be found by asking the right questions.

• 27 Answer: E
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  Q27: successful solution can only be found when there is a clear corporate structure for decision making.	Tate argues … and a hierarchical structure that then takes responsibility for the decision and, most importantly, follows that decision through to verify whether the problem has indeed been resolved.
  successful solution equals to “the problem has been resolved”, “corporate structure” equals to “hierarchical structure”. John Tate is the person who states this, so the answer is E

• 28 Answer: A
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  Q28: Decisions made without full consideration of the details are a potential by-product of pressure.	Pressure from other managers, senior staff or even employees can cause those in middle management to make decisions based quickly, reacting at speed to a problem that would have been better solved by a calmer, more inclusive style of management.
  Q28: “decisions made without full consideration” equals to “make decisions based quickly”. The cause is “pressure”. Marie Scrive is the person who states this, so the answer is A

• 29 Answer: B
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  Q29: Decision making that does not look into motives for the issue is the primary reason for continued problems.	Martin Hewings... His argument is that most repetitive problems are actually not permanently resolved because of a lack of focus as to the true nature of the problem.
  Q29: “does not look into motives for the issue” means “a lack of focus as to the true nature of the problem”. Martin Hewings is the person who states this, so the answer is B

• 30 Answer: A
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  Q30: Poor decision making is the most easily identified form of weak managerial ability.	Marie Scrive...argues that poor management skills can be identified in many arenas but few are perhaps as illustrative as the ability to make accurate judgements
  Q30: “poor management skills” equals to “poor decision making”, “most easily” equals to “in many areas”. Marie Scrive is the person who states this, so the answer is A

• 31 Answer: C
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  Q31: Seeking a staff member on whom responsibility can be placed can have negative effects..	Filke holds that looking at the problem as an organic entity in itself, without reference to who may be at fault, or at least exacerbating the issue, is the only way to find a lasting solution. Finger-pointing and blaming leads to an uncomfortable work environment where problems grow, and ultimately have a detrimental effect on the productivity of the workplace.
  “on whom responsibility can be placed” equals to “finger-pointing and blaming”, “negative effect” means “detrimental effect”. Garen Filke is the person who states this, so the answer is C

• 32 Answer: D
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  Q32: Decision making abilities are at least partly formulated long before they have any business application.	Anne Wicks believes that our problem solving abilities are first run through five distinct filters, and that good managers are those that can negotiate these filters to arrive at an unbiased, logical and clear solution.
  “partly formulated long” equals to “first run through five distinct filters”. Anne Wicks is the person who states this, so the answer is D

• 33 Answer: B
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  Q33: Long term solutions can only be found by asking the right questions.	and this is achieved by applying questions to the problem itself: why is this happening? When is this happening? With whom is this happening?
  Q33: asking the right questions is similar to “applying questions to the problem itself”. Martin Hewings is the person who states this, so the answer is B.

Do the following statements agree with the views given in Reading Passage 3?

In boxes 38-40 on your answer sheet write

38 YESNONOT GIVEN It is only in recent years that the mental processes behind decision making have been studied.
39 YESNONOT GIVEN Garen Filke completely disagrees with the conclusion drawn by Martin Hewings.
40 YESNONOT GIVEN John Tate believes that successful decision making is not related to psychology.

• 38 Answer: NOT GIVEN
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  Q38: It is only in recent years that the mental processes behind decision making have been studied.	Over recent years, the psychology behind problem solving and decision making in a business context has been analysed and taught at a tertiary level.
  Note: Although the psychology behind decision making has been studied, but it’s only “in business context”, not in general. Hence The answer is NOT GIVEN.

• 39 Answer: NO
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  Q39: Garen Filke completely disag rees with the conclusion drawn by Martin Hewings.	Garen Filke, Managing Director of a large paper supply company, has put Hewings’ steps to the test
  Note: From the passage, Garen Filke has put Hewings’ steps to the test, which means he agreed with Hewings’ conclusion. Hence The answer is NO.

• 40 Answer: YES
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  Q40: John Tate believes that successful decision making is not related to psychology.	the more psycho-analytical approach to problem solving has little place in a business decision – a point of view held by John Tate
  Note: From the passage, John Tate believe that psycho-analytical approach has little place, which means “not related” in a business decision. Hence The answer is YES.