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IELTS Mock Test 2020 April

IELTS Mock Test 2020 April

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  • Published on: 21 Apr 2020
  • Tests taken: 177,195

Answer Keys:

Report Mistake
Part 1: Question 1 - 13
  • 1 rehabilitation of offenders
  • 2 has been accelerating
  • 3 all expectations
  • 4 question the validity
  • 5 than alleviate
  • 6 more effective alternatives
  • 7 social and economic
  • 8 NOT GIVEN
  • 9 FALSE
  • 10 TRUE
  • 11 TRUE
  • 12 FALSE
  • 13 FALSE
Part 2: Question 14 - 26
  • 14 moral or philosophical
  • 15 physiological/biological disposition
  • 16 heritable/inherited
  • 17 characterised by
  • 18 hereditary aspect/biological basis
  • 19 associated with
  • 20 criminal tendencies
  • 21 Chromosomal abnormality
  • 22 masculine and aggressive
  • 23 severely undermined by
  • 24 environmental and social
  • 25 26 D,E
Part 3: Question 27 - 40
  • 27 means
  • 28 for identification purposes
  • 29 victims
  • 30 centred on
  • 31 removed
  • 32 law enforcement agencies
  • 33 evade capture
  • 34 crime scene
  • 35 the publication of
  • 36 modern forensic techniques/forensic science
  • 37 fingerprint-ing/new-found
  • 38 standard practice
  • 39 40 A,D

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剑桥雅思4听力原文-TEST1

剑桥雅思4听力原文-TEST1

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Review & Explanations:

Part 1: Questions 1-13

Questions 1-7

Complete the sentences below.

Choose NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS from the passage for each answer.

A decrease in crime in the Netherlands and parts of the US is attributable more to the 1 than to their incarceration.

Closure of prisons in the Netherlands 2 at an unprecedented rate over recent years.

Against 3 the Netherlands are seeing a drop in crime along with the closure of prisons.

Since statistics do not support the argument for incarceration this has made many 4 of such a practice.

In fact, incarceration may serve to fuel rather 5 crime, thereby defeating the purpose of such a punishment.

In recognition of the fact that custodial sentences achieve little, less costly and 6 were put forward by the Conservatives in 1990.

Crime is not only down to individual behaviour but is also a result of 7 influences.

  • 1 Answer: rehabilitation of offenders
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    Keywords in Questions

    Similar words in Passage

    Q1: A decrease in crime in the Netherlands and parts of the US is attributable more to the___ than to their incarceration.

    rehabilitation of offenders

    In the Netherlands and parts of the USA such as Johnson County, a move towards rehabilitation of offenders and decreasing crime has seen a reduction in incarceration rates.

    Note: 

    • According to the question, “A decrease in crime in the Netherlands and parts of the US is attributable more to the__than to their incarceration. “

    • From the passage, we can infer that “In the Netherlands and parts of the USA such as Johnson County, a move towards rehabilitation of offenders and decreasing crime has seen a reduction in incarceration rates” Which is will be a sentence support the writer’s ideal in the question. 

    • The clues help the reader find out the answer:

    •  “in the Netherlands and parts of the US” appears in both the question and the passage refer to the national. 

    • Noun phrases “A decrease in crime” in Q and “decreasing crime” in P have the same meaning. 

    • “incarceration” appears in both the Q and P.

    • One more keyword: the answer will be a noun or noun phrase.

            Therefore, the answer should be rehabilitation of offenders
  • 2 Answer: has been accelerating
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    Keywords in Questions

    Similar words in Passage

    Q2: Closure of prisons in the Netherlands___ at an unprecedented rate over recent years.
     

    If anything, the Dutch reform of the prison system has been accelerating at a phenomenal pace, with 19 of the prisons being shut down in 2014 alone.

    Note: 

    • According to the question, “Closure of prisons in the Netherlands __at an unprecedented rate over recent years.”

    • From the passage, we can infer that “If anything, the Dutch reform of the prison system has been accelerating at a phenomenal pace, with 19 of the prisons being shut down in 2014 alone.” Which is a sentence will be support the writer’s ideal in the question.

    • The clues help the reader to find out the answer:

    • “over recent years” in Q and “in 2014 alone” in P which have the same meanings and refer to the year. 

    • “Closure of prisons” in P and “with 19 of the prisons being shut down’’ in Q which have the same meaning: close the prisons.

    • “Netherlands” in Q and “Dutch” in P which have the same meaning is connected with the Netherlands, its people or its language.

    • One more keyword: you can see in the Q which missing main verbs. Hence, you need to find the suitable verb. 

      Therefore, the answer should be has been accelerating
  • 3 Answer: all expectations
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    Keywords in Questions

    Similar words in Passage

    Q3: Against __ the Netherlands are seeing a drop in crime along with the closure of prisons.

    Defying all expectations of the pro-incarceration lobbyists, crime rates in the Netherlands are also actually decreasing in direct proportion to the closure of prisons.

    Note: 

    • According to the question “Against__the Netherlands are seeing a drop in crime along with the closure of prisons.” 🡺 the space “__”  in the Q need a noun or noun phrase. 

    • From the passage we can know that “Defying all expectations of the pro-incarceration lobbyists, crime rates in the Netherlands are also actually decreasing in direct proportion to the closure of prisons” Which is a sentence support the writer’s ideal in Q. 

    • The clues help the reader find out the answer:

    • “the Netherlands” appears in both Q and the P.

    • “the closure of prisons” appears in both Q and P.

    • In this situation we can know that “Against” has the same meaning with “Defying” in the passage which is defy somebody/something to refuse to obey or show respect for somebody in authority, a law, a rule, etc.        

              Therefore, answer should be  all expectations
  • 4 Answer: question the validity
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    Q4: Since statistics do not support the argument for incarceration this has made many ___ of such a practice. 

    With such statistics laid bare for all to see, many are now beginning to question the validity of incarceration as a method of reforming offenders.

    Note: 

    • From the question stated above, we can infer that “Since statistics do not support the argument for incarceration this has made many__of such a practice.” 🡺 the space “__” in Q need a noun or noun pharse. 

    • From the passage we can know that the sentence “With such statistics laid bare for all to see, many are now beginning to question the validity of incarceration as a method of reforming offenders.” Which is a sentence support the writer’s ideal in the question. 

    • The clues help the reader find out the answer:

    • “statistics” appears in both Q and the P. 

    • “incarceration” appears in both Q and P. 

    • “many” in Q and “many” in P which lead the reader can find out the answer. 

    Therefore, answer should be  question the validity. 
  • 5 Answer: than alleviate
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    Q5: In fact, incarceration may serve to fuel rather ___ crime, thereby defeating the purpose of such a punishment.

     

    There is definitely an argument that serving a prison term tends to create rather than alleviate.

    Note: 

    • From the question, we can infer that “In fact, incarceration may serve to fuel rather __crime, thereby defeating the purpose of such a punishment.”

    • From the passage we can know that the sentence “There is definitely an argument that serving a prison term tends to create rather than alleviate.” Which is a sentence support the writer’s ideal in the question. 

    • The clues help the reader find out  the answer:

    • “serve” in Q and “serving” in P which are completely different type but they have the same meaning. It helps the reader can find out the clues.

    • “rather ” appears in both Q and P. We also have formula: “rather + than + V”. So from this formula we can easily find the answer.
                      The answer here should be than alleviate
  • 6 Answer: more effective alternatives
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    Keywords in Questions

    Similar words in Passage

    Q6: In recognition of the fact that custodial sentences achieve little, less costly and ____ were put forward by the Conservatives in 1990.

    Interestingly, the report also argued that there should be a range of community-based sentences which would be cheaper and more effective alternatives to prison.

    Note: 

    • From the question stated above, we can infer that “In recognition of the fact that custodial sentences achieve little, less costly and__were put forward by the Conservatives in 1990”. 🡺 the space “__” in Q need to follw Comparison: less costly and + more Adj/Adv. 

    • From the passage we can know that the sentence “Interestingly, the report also argued that there should be a range of community-based sentences which would be cheaper and more effective alternatives to prison.” Which is a sentence support the writer’s ideal in the question. 

    • The clues help the reader find out the answer:

    • “sentences” appears in both Q and the P. 

    • “less costly” in the Q has the same meaning with “cheaper” in the P.

           The answer here should be more effective alternatives
  • 7 Answer: social and economic
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    Keywords in Question

    Similar words in Passage

    Q7: Crime is not only down to individual behaviour but is also a result of ___ influences.

     

    Such an approach overlooks social and economic factors that can play an integral role in the incidence of crime.

    Note: 

    • From the connections stated above, we can infer that “Crime is not only down to individual behaviour but is also a result of __influences.” 🡺 the space “__” in the Q need a noun or noun phrase. 

    • From the passage we can know that the sentence “Such an approach overlooks social and economic factors that can play an integral role in the incidence of crime.” Which is sentence will be support support the writer’s ideal in the question. 

    • The clues help the reader find out the answer:

    • In Q the writer mentions about crime elements and in P the writer gives some information to support the idea. 

    Hence the answer is social and economic

Questions 8-13

Do the following statements agree with the information given in the text?

For questions 8-13, write

TRUE if the statement agrees with the information
FALSE if the statement contradicts the information
NOT GIVEN If there is no information on this

8 Mothers who receive a custodial sentence are worse role models for their children than fathers who receive similar justice.

9 Custodial sentences are intended primarily to reform prisoners.

10 Factors other than an individual’s guilt are rarely taken into account by the English judicial system.

11 A proven link exists between mothers receiving a custodial sentence and their offspring committing crimes in later life.

12 The English judicial system stands to benefit from incarcerating offenders.

13 There are signs that custodial sentences are becoming less popular in the UK.

  • 8 Answer: NOT GIVEN
    Explain Report

    Keywords in Questions

    Similar words in Passage

    Q8: Mothers who receive a custodial sentence are worse role models for their children than fathers who receive similar justice.

    		  

    Note: 

    • From the question we can infer that “Mothers who receive a custodial sentence are worse role models for their children than fathers who receive similar justice.”

    • There is no information in the passage related to the writer’s ideal.

                      So the answer is NOT GIVEN
  • 9 Answer: FALSE
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    Keywords in Questions

    Similar words in Passage

    Q9: Custodial sentences are intended primarily to reform prisoners.

     

    Quite apart from the cost and relative ineffectiveness of incarceration is the short-sightedness of imposing a custodial sentence in the first place

    Note: 

    • According to the question, we can assume that “Custodial sentences are intended primarily to reform prisoners.”

    • From the passage we can infer that “Quite apart from the cost and relative ineffectiveness of incarceration is the short-sightedness of imposing a custodial sentence in the first place”  ‘which support the writer’s ideal and help us can find the answer from this sentence. 

    • The clues help the reader find out the answer:

    •  “Custodial sentences” appear both in Q and P, but they are mention two conflicting issues. One side the author mentions about “reform prisoners” , another side author talk about “relative ineffectiveness of incarceration is the short-sightedness”

                Hence the answer is FALSE
  • 10 Answer: TRUE
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    Keywords in Questions

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    Q10: Factors other than an individual’s guilt are rarely taken into account by the English judicial system.

     

    It would do no harm for the UK to look to the Netherlands for an example in reducing crime through addressing social problems as a key to reducing incarceration.

    Note: 

    • From the question  we can assume that  the writer asked “Factors other than an individual’s guilt are rarely taken into account by the English judicial system.” 

    • From the passage we can infer that “It would do no harm for the UK to look to the Netherlands for an example in reducing crime through addressing social problems as a key to reducing incarceration” Which support the writer’s ideal.  

    • The clues help the reader find out the answer:

    • In this situation we can know that “individual’s guilt are rarely taken into“ in Q has the same meaning with “reducing crime through addressing social problems as a key to reducing incarceration”in P. 

    • “the English judicial system” in Q has the same meaning with “the UK” in P. 

              Hence the answer is TRUE
  • 11 Answer: TRUE
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    Keywords in Questions

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    Q11: A proven link exists between mothers receiving a custodial sentence and their offspring committing crimes in later life.

    Worse still, figures show that adult children of imprisoned mothers are more likely to be convicted of a crime than adult children of imprisoned fathers.

    Note: 

    • From the connections stated above, “A proven link exists between mothers receiving a custodial sentence and their offspring committing crimes in later life.”

    • From the passage we can infer that “Worse still, figures show that adult children of imprisoned mothers are more likely to be convicted of a crime than adult children of imprisoned fathers.” which is the right information related with question. and support for the sentence in the question.

    • The clues help the reader find out the answer:

    • “mothers” appear both in Q and the P.

    • “A proven link” in the Q and “figures show” in the P they have the same meaning. 

    • “offspring committing crimes in later life” in Q has the same meaning with “adult children of imprisoned mothers” in the passage. 

                       The answer here should be TRUE
  • 12 Answer: FALSE
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    Keywords in Questions

    Similar words in Passage

    Q12: The English judicial system stands to benefit from incarcerating offenders.  

    'The degree of civilisation in a society is revealed by not having prisons and instead by addressing social issues in society itself.'

    Note: 

    • From the question we can infer that “The English judicial system stands to benefit from incarcerating offenders.”

    • According to the passage, the writer show for the reader know “'The degree of civilisation in a society is revealed by not having prisons and instead by addressing social issues in society itself.'” which is sentence support some information in the question.  

    • The clues help the reader find out the answer:

    • In this siutation we can see the author mentions about two contradictory issues. On side the author talk about “benefit from incarcerating offenders” but in fact The English not received benefit “not having prisons and instead by addressing social issues in society itself.”

             The answer here should be  FALSE
  • 13 Answer: FALSE
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    Keywords in Questions

    Similar words in Passage

    Q13: There are signs that custodial sentences are becoming less popular in the UK.

     

     More tellingly, a decreased incidence of relapse into criminal behaviour when offenders receive a community sentence, rather than a custodial one, has been revealed in re-offending statistics issued by the UK Ministry of Justice.

    Note: 

    • From the connections stated above, the writer shows the reader “There are signs that custodial sentences are becoming less popular in the UK.”

    • According to the passage, “More tellingly, a decreased incidence of relapse into criminal behaviour when offenders receive a community sentence, rather than a custodial one, has been revealed in re-offending statistics issued by the UK Ministry of Justice.” which is sentence support some information in the question.  

    • The clues help the reader find out the answer:

    • In this siutation we can see the author mentions about two contradictory issues. On side the author talk about “custodial sentences are becoming less popular in the UK” but in fact “a decreased incidence of relapse into criminal behaviour when offenders receive a community sentence”. That mean custodial sentences are becoming popular in the UK

           The answer here should be  FALSE 
Part 1

READING PASSAGE 1

Read the text on the next page and answer Questions 1-13.

Prison: The Solution or the Problem?

In the Netherlands and parts of the USA such as Johnson County, a move towards rehabilitation of offenders and decreasing crime has seen a reduction in incarceration rates. Bucking this trend, the UK's prison population has increased by an average rate of 3.6% per year since 1993. As the situation currently stands, England's and Wales' incarceration rate is 148 per 100,000 compared to 98 in France, 82 in the Netherlands and 79 in Germany. Without a shadow of a doubt, out of all European countries, the UK has adopted the most hardline approach to offenders.

The trend towards imposing prison sentences on offenders in the UK is made to seem all the more harsh since the Dutch Justice Ministry is actively in the process of systematically closing down prisons. In the period between 2010-2015, 28 prisons were closed in total. If anything, the Dutch reform of the prison system has been accelerating at a phenomenal pace, with 19 of the prisons being shut down in 2014 alone.

As would be expected, closures of prisons in the Netherlands have led to a drop in the numbers of incarcerated offenders. This is also largely due to the fact that those convicted are choosing electronic tagging instead of incarceration. However, there is more to these statistics than meets the eye. Defying all expectations of the pro-incarceration lobbyists, crime rates in the Netherlands are also actually decreasing in direct proportion to the closure of prisons.

With such statistics laid bare for all to see, many are now beginning to question the validity of incarceration as a method of reforming offenders. All the more so since the average prison place costs the taxpayer £37,648 per year - a hefty sum for a service that fails to deliver, especially since there are vastly cheaper and more effective methods to deal with offenders. Allowing offenders to be tagged electronically rather than be incarcerated would save around £35 million per year for every 1000 convicted offenders. Serving a probation or community service order would also be 12 times less costly than the average prison placement for an offender.

More tellingly, a decreased incidence of relapse into criminal behaviour when offenders receive a community sentence, rather than a custodial one, has been revealed in re-offending statistics issued by the UK Ministry of Justice. There is definitely an argument that serving a prison term tends to create rather than alleviate the problem of crime. As a Conservative white paper concluded in 1990, 'We know that prison is an expensive way of making bad people worse.' Interestingly, the report also argued that there should be a range of community-based sentences which would be cheaper and more effective alternatives to prison.

Quite apart from the cost and relative ineffectiveness of incarceration is the short-sightedness of imposing a custodial sentence in the first place. A punitive system of incarceration presupposes that the prisoner needs to be punished for bad behaviour. Since the prisoner is considered answerable for their behaviour, it is believed that they are also completely responsible for their actions. Such an approach overlooks social and economic factors that can play an integral role in the incidence of crime. Such an oversight only serves to perpetuate crime and punish offenders who need help rather than a penal sentence.

It would do no harm for the UK to look to the Netherlands for an example in reducing crime through addressing social problems as a key to reducing incarceration. In the Netherlands, the focus is on deterring crime by investing in social services rather than seeking purely to punish the offender. In addition, those who do offend are helped with rehabilitation programmes.

Overlooking the social circumstances of the offender can also be detrimental to children's welfare, especially if a mother is convicted and given a custodial sentence. Often childcare arrangements are not in place when custodial sentences are handed down to mothers caring for children. In fact, research suggests that more than half of the women who go to court are not expecting a custodial sentence, leading to provisions made for the children being haphazard at best. The number of children who fall foul of the custodial system in this way totals a staggering 17,000 per year. Worse still, figures show that adult children of imprisoned mothers are more likely to be convicted of a crime than adult children of imprisoned fathers. Viewing the offender and their crime in isolation and disregarding all other social and environmental factors is therefore mistaken, if not downright morally reprehensible.

All evidence would seem to point to a much needed shake-up of the English penal system. As things stand, there are too many losers and no identifiable winners. It was Dostoevsky who said: 'The degree of civilisation in a society is revealed by entering its prisons.' Maybe we would do better to go one step further and amend his quotation to 'The degree of civilisation in a society is revealed by not having prisons and instead by addressing social issues in society itself.'

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