The reading passage has 7 sections A-G.

Choose the most suitable headings for sections B-G from the list of headings (i-x).

There are more headings than sections so you will not use all of them.

Example Answer

Section A vi

14 iiiiiiivvviviiviiiixx Section B

15 iiiiiiivvviviiviiiixx Section C

16 iiiiiiivvviviiviiiixx Section D

17 iiiiiiivvviviiviiiixx Section E

18 iiiiiiivvviviiviiiixx Section F

19 iiiiiiivvviviiviiiixx Section G

• 14 Answer: v
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  Q14 Section B	Hahnemann’s discovery of the principle of homeopathy was accidental. After taking some quinine, he noticed that he developed malaria-like symptoms. Since malaria patients were treated with quinine, he speculated that possibly malaria is cured by quinine because it causes malaria-like symptoms in healthy people. He decided to explore his theory by testing other substances used as medicine at the time, such as arsenic and belladonna. His tests were conducted by either taking the substances internally himself or by administering them to healthy volunteers and then recording all of the symptoms the volunteers experienced. He continued his experiments on a wide range of natural substances, often toxic. These recorded results created ‘drug pictures’ which formed the basis for the new system of medicine. The next step was to give the tested substances to patients suffering from the same group of symptoms represented by the drug picture recorded. The results were incredible. People were being cured from diseases that had never been cured before. He condensed his theory into a single Latin phrase: similia similibus curentur (let likes be cured by likes). This means that a disease can be cured by a medicine which produces in a healthy person, symptoms similar to those experienced by the patient.
  Note To answer this kind of question, we use the skimming method to have an overview of the section. According to the Passage, Section B is about Hahnemann’s discovery of the principle of homeopathy and his experiments, matching with option v. Theoretical and experimental basis. For that reason, the answer of Q14 is v. Theoretical and experimental basis.

• 15 Answer: vii
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  Q15 Section C	The process of making remedies is very precise. A homeopathic remedy is normally a single substance. The substances may be made from plants, minerals and even animals, for example snake venom and cuttlefish ink. To make remedies, the raw material is dissolved in a mixture that contains approximately 90% alcohol and 10% water. The mixture is left to stand for 2 to 4 weeks, shaken occasionally then strained. The resulting liquid or tincture is then diluted according to very specific measures to a factor of 1:100. For example, to produce a remedy called 1c potency or strength, one drop of the tincture is added to 99 drops of alcohol/water mixture. To produce a 2c potency, one drop of the 1c mixture is added to 99 drops of alcohol/water mixture. Between each mixture the remedy is shaken vigorously. Hahnemann believed that through this process, the energy of the substance was released. Once the remedy has been diluted beyond a 12c potency, it is unlikely that even a molecule of the original substance remains. Yet, ironically, the more dilute the remedy, the stronger it is. This makes no sense in light of present-day science but regardless of what science tells us is impossible, in practice, the higher the dilution the stronger and more lasting the effect.
  Note To answer this kind of question, we use the skimming method to have an overview of the section. According to the Passage, Section C is about steps in making homeopathic remedy, matching with option vii. Preparation of medicines.  For that reason, the answer of Q15 is vii. Preparation of medicines.

• 16 Answer: viii
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  Q16 Section D	It is this use of high dilutions that has given rise to controversy. Many conventional doctors claim that homeopathy functions only as a placebo because the dosage is so small. However, the clinical experience of homeopathy shows that this tiny dose can be effective: it works on unconscious people and infants, and it even works on animals. Controlled clinical studies performed by medical researchers are demonstrating that homeopathy can be an effective method of treatment for many diseases.
  Note To answer this kind of question, we use the skimming method to have an overview of the section. According to the Passage, Section D is about the controversy of homeopathy effectiveness, matching with option viii. Debate over effectiveness. For that reason, the answer of Q16 is viii. Debate over effectiveness.

• 17 Answer: x
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  Q17 Section E	The most important part of homeopathic treatment lies in the lengthy interview which the homeopath conducts with the patient. The idea behind this one to two hour consultation is to build up a psychological, emotional and physical history of the patient, to discover the underlying patterns of disease. The homeopath then decides which medicine to prescribe based on the closest match between the patient’s symptoms and the known symptoms elicited by the medicine in a healthy body. A single dose is given for the shortest period of time necessary to stimulate the body’s healing power.
  Note To answer this kind of question, we use the skimming method to have an overview of the section.  According to the Passage, Section E is about homeopathic treatment and how it conducts with patient, matching with option x. Aspects of treatment. For that reason, the answer of Q17 is x. Aspects of treatment.

• 18 Answer: iii
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  Q18 Section F	How does the concept of homeopathy differ from that of conventional medicine? Very simply, homeopathy attempts to stimulate the body to recover itself. Instead of looking upon the symptoms as something wrong which must be set right, the homeopath sees them as signs of the way the body is attempting to help itself. Another basic difference between conventional medical therapy and homeopathy is in the role of medication. In much of conventional therapy the illness is controlled through regular use of medical substances. If the medication is withdrawn, the person returns to illness. For example, a person who takes a pill for high blood pressure every day is not undergoing a cure but is only controlling the symptoms. Homeopathy’s aim is the cure: ‘The complete restoration of perfect health,’ as Dr. Hahnemann said.
  Note To answer this kind of question, we use the skimming method to have an overview of the section.  According to the Passage, Section F is about the difference between homeopathy and other conventional medicine, matching with option iii. Comparison with traditional western medicine. For that reason, the answer of Q18 is iii. Comparison with traditional western medicine.
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• 19 Answer: ix
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  Q19 Section G	Homeopathy has made significant progress in treating diseases which orthodox medicine finds difficult. Best at dealing with inflammatory conditions such as arthritis, skin conditions, migraines and respiratory problems linked to allergies, it has also proved highly successful at treating asthma. But homeopathy is not an appropriate treatment for degenerative diseases such as emphysema. It cannot treat diseases which destroy tissue, although it can still be beneficial if used in combination with other treatments. Two of the main advantages of homeotherapy are the low cost of the medications and the rarity of adverse reactions. The medicines are inexpensive, safe, and easy to use, so people can learn to handle many of the common illnesses for which they currently seek medical help. The resulting savings in costs and the increase in personal independence represent a significant contribution to health care
  Note To answer this kind of question, we use the skimming method to have an overview of the section.  According to the Passage, Section G is about significant progress made by homeopathy in treating diseases and its limitations, matching with option ix. Advantages and limitations of homeopathy. For that reason, the answer of Q19 is ix. Advantages and limitations of homeopathy.