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IELTS Mock Test 2023 January

IELTS Mock Test 2023 January

3.6
(4,556 votes)
  • Đăng ngày: 21 Feb 2023
  • Tests taken: 2,090,773
Part 1: Question 1 - 14
  • 1 obscure
  • 2 793
  • 3 Northwest Africa
  • 4 local populations
  • 5 religious
  • 6 F
  • 7 D
  • 8 E
  • 9 A
  • 10 G
  • 11 B
  • 12 C
  • 13 H
  • 14 D
Part 2: Question 15 - 27
  • 15 YES
  • 16 NO
  • 17 YES
  • 18 NOT GIVEN
  • 19 NO
  • 20 NOT GIVEN
  • 21 temperature
  • 22 (molten) rock / ash
  • 23 food
  • 24 tidal wave
  • 25 ice age
  • 26 rockets
  • 27 D
Part 3: Question 28 - 40
  • 28 D
  • 29 G
  • 30 F
  • 31 A
  • 32 E
  • 33 B
  • 34 C
  • 35 NOT GIVEN
  • 36 FALSE
  • 37 TRUE
  • 38 TRUE
  • 39 FALSE
  • 40 NOT GIVEN

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雅思备考| 备考雅思听力的十大技巧

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09 Feb 2021

Giải thích chi tiết

Part 1: Questions 1-14

Questions 1-5

Complete the notes below.

Write NO MORE THAN TWO WORDS OR A NUMBER for each answer

Write your answers in boxes 1-5 on your answer sheet.

Origins:
  • Word ‘Viking’ is 1
  • Vikings came from Scandinavia.
Dates of the Viking Age
  • In Britain: AD 2 -1066
  • Length varies elsewhere
Territorial extent:
  • In doubt – but most of Europe
    • Possibly raided as far away as 3
End of the Viking Age:
  • Vikings had assimilated into 4 , & adopted a new 5 system.
  • 1 Answer: obscure

    Keywords in Questions

    Similar words in Passage

    Q1: Word ‘Viking’ is



    However, the origins of the word ‘Viking’, itself, are obscure: it may mean ‘a Scandinavian pirate’, or it may refer to ‘an inlet’, or a place called Vik, in modern-day Norway, from where the pirates came.

    Note:

    The missing word should be an adjective.

    The keywords we need to look for are “Origins” and “Viking”, both are quite easy to find. Once we locate the sentence from “However …”, there is only one adjective that can be filled in the gap which is “obscure”.

    Answer: obscure

  • 2 Answer: 793

    Keywords in Questions

    Similar words in Passage

    Q2: In Britain: AD … -1066




    Vikings sailed to England in AD 793 to storm coastal monasteries, and subsequently, large swathes of England fell under Viking rule – indeed several Viking kings sat on the English throne.

    Note:

    We can be sure that the blank should be a number stating the beginning of a period.

    Looking for the keys “Britain” and “AD”, we can see there are words like “England” and “AD” which tell us the answer must be around and it’s the number “793”

    Answer: 793

  • 3 Answer: Northwest Africa

    Keywords in Questions

    Similar words in Passage

    Q3: Possibly raided as far away as



    They plundered and settled down the Volga and Dnieper rivers, and traded with modern-day Istanbul, but the archaeological record has yet to verify that Vikings raided as far away as Northwest Africa, as some writers claim.

    Note:

    The answer is a noun and possibly a location, name of a region / land / country.

    It’s quite clear that the key “as far away as” is in the next paragraph, followed by “Northwest Africa” - name of a region.

    Answer: Northwest Africa

  • 4 Answer: local populations

    Keywords in Questions

    Similar words in Passage

    Q4: Vikings had assimilated into



    The issue of control and extent is complex because many Vikings did not return to Scandinavia after raiding but assimilated into local populations, often becoming Christian.

    Note:

    Similar to Q3, Q4 has an exact keyword in the passage which is “assimilated into”. So the answer is “local populations”.

    Answer: local populations

  • 5 Answer: religious

    Keywords in Questions

    Similar words in Passage

    Q5: & adopted a new … system



    To some degree, the Viking Age is defined by religion. Initially, Vikings were polytheists, believing in many gods, but by the end of the age, they had permanently accepted a new monotheistic religious system – Christianity.

    Note:

    Q4 and Q5 are in the same section so the texts containing information of Q5 must be close. In the next sentence, “accepted” is synonymous with “adopted” and the word “system” is there as well.

    You can write either “monotheistic religious” or “religious”. Both are correct.

    Answer: religious

Questions 6-13

Question 14

Choose the correct letter A-E.

Write the correct letter in box 14 on your answer sheet.

14

Which might be a suitable title for passage?

  • A
  • B
  • C
  • D
  • E
Answer: D

Keywords in Questions

Similar words in Passage

Q14:

A A brief history of Vikings

B Recent Viking discoveries

C A modem fascination with Vikings

D Interpretations of Viking history

E Viking history and nationalism




Note:

Although it’s true that A, B, C and E are mentioned in the passage, they only cover a small part of the big picture.

A is true for the 1st half. E is true for the second half. B and C only represent one paragraph each.

The answer should be D because it’s the most general idea

Answer: D

Part 1

READING PASSAGE 1

You should spend about 20 minutes on Questions 1-14, which are based on Reading Passage 1 below.

The vikings wayfaring way

In the last century, Vikings have been perceived in numerous different ways – vilified as conquerors and romanticised as adventurers. How Vikings have been employed in nation-building is a topic of some interest.

In English, Vikings are also known as Norse or Norsemen. Their language greatly influenced English, with the nouns, ‘Hell’, ‘husband’, ‘law’, and ‘window’, and the verbs, ‘blunder’, ‘snub’, ‘take’, and ‘want’, all coming from Old Norse. However, the origins of the word ‘Viking’, itself, are obscure: it may mean ‘a Scandinavian pirate’, or it may refer to ‘an inlet’, or a place called Vik, in modem-day Norway, from where the pirates came. These various names – Vikings, Norse, or Norsemen, and doubts about the very word ‘Viking’ suggest historical confusion.

Loosely speaking, the Viking Age endured from the late eighth to the mid-eleventh centuries. Vikings sailed to England in AD 793 to storm coastal monasteries, and subsequently, large swathes of England fell under Viking rule – indeed several Viking kings sat on the English throne. It is generally agreed that the Battle of Hastings, in 1066, when the Norman French invaded, marks the end of the English Viking Age, but the Irish Viking age ended earlier, while Viking colonies in Iceland and Greenland did not dissolve until around AD 1500.

How much territory Vikings controlled is also in dispute – Scandinavia and Western Europe certainly, but their reach east and south is uncertain. They plundered and settled down the Volga and Dnieper rivers, and traded with modem-day Istanbul, but the archaeological record has yet to verify that Vikings raided as far away as Northwest Africa, as some writers claim.

The issue of control and extent is complex because many Vikings did not return to Scandinavia after raiding but assimilated into local populations, often becoming Christian. To some degree, the Viking Age is defined by religion. Initially, Vikings were polytheists, believing in many gods, but by the end of the age, they had permanently accepted a new monotheistic religious system – Christianity.

This transition from so-called pagan plunderers to civilised Christians is significant and is the view promulgated throughout much of recent history. In the UK, in the 1970s for example, schoolchildren were taught that until the Vikings accepted Christianity they were nasty heathens who rampaged throughout Britain. By contrast, today’s children can visit museums where Vikings are celebrated as merchants, pastoralists, and artists with a unique worldview as well as conquerors.

What are some other interpretations of Vikings? In the nineteenth century, historians in Denmark, Norway, and Sweden constructed their own Viking ages for nationalistic reasons. At that time, all three countries were in crisis. Denmark had been beaten in war and ceded territory to what is now Germany. Norway had become independent from Sweden in 1905 but was economically vulnerable, so Norwegians sought to create a separate identity for themselves in the past as well as the present. The Norwegian historian, Gustav Storm, was adamant it was his forebears and not the Swedes’ or Danes’ who had colonised Iceland, Greenland, and Vinland, in what is now Canada. Sweden, meanwhile, had relinquished Norway to the Norwegians and Finland to the Russians; thus, in the late nineteenth century, Sweden was keen to boost its image with rich archaeological finds to show the glory of its Viking past.

In addition to augmenting nationalism, nineteenth-century thinkers were influenced by an Englishman, Herbert Spencer, who described peoples and cultures in evolutionary terms similar to those of Charles Darwin. Spencer coined the phrase ‘survival of the fittest’, which includes the notion that, over time, there is not only technological but also moral progress. Therefore, Viking heathens’ adoption of Christianity was considered an advantageous move. These days, historians do not compare cultures in the same way, especially since, in this case, the archaeological record seems to show that heathen Vikings and Christian Europeans were equally brutal.

Views of Vikings change according to not only to forces affecting historians at the time of their research but also according to the materials they read. Since much knowledge of Vikings comes from literature composed up to 300 years after the events they chronicle, some Danish historians cal1 these sources ‘mere legends’.

Vikings did have a written language carved on large stones, but as few of these survive today, the most reliable contemporary sources on Vikings come from writers from other cultures, like the ninth-century Persian geographer, Ibn Khordadbeh.

In the last four decades, there have been wildly varying interpretations of the Viking influence in Russia. Most non-Russian scholars believe the Vikings created a kingdom in western Russia and modern-day Ukraine led by a man called Rurik. After AD 862, Rurik’s descendants continued to rule. There is considerable evidence of this colonisation: in Sweden, carved stones, still standing, describe the conquerors’ journeys; both Russian and Ukrainian have loan words from Old Norse; and, Scandinavian first names, like Igor and Olga, are still popular. However, during the Soviet period, there was an emphasis on the Slavic origins of most Russians. (Appearing in the historical record around the sixth century AD, the Slavs are thought to have originated in Eastern Europe.) This Slavic identity was promoted to contrast with that of the neighbouring Viking Swedes, who were enemies during the Cold War.

These days, many Russians consider themselves hybrids. Indeed recent genetic studies support a Norse-colonisation theory: western Russian DNA is consistent with that of the inhabitants of a region north of Stockholm in Sweden.

The tools available to modern historians are many and varied, and their findings may seem less open to debate. There are linguistics, numismatics, dendrochronology, archaeozoology, palaeobotany, ice crystallography, climate and DNA analysis to add to the translation of runes and the raising of mighty warships. Despite these, historians remain children of their times.

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