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The text has 9 paragraphs (A – I). Which paragraph contains each of the following pieces of information?
1 Cases where the use of renewable fuels is in competition with non-renewable ones
2 The membership of REN21
3 The rates at which the use of renewable fuels is growing faster than the use of nonrenewable ones in the world
4 The sources of funding for renewable fuels in developing countries
Q1: Cases where the use of renewable fuels is in competition with non-renewable ones | Martinot and 100-plus researchers in more than 20 countries assessed several renewable technologies: small hydro (meaning small dams), modem biomass (agricultural waste, for example), wind, solar, geothermal, and biofuels such as ethanol and biodiesel. These technologies now compete with conventional fuels in four distinct markets: power generation, hot water and space heating, transportation fuels, and rural (off-grid) energy supplies. |
Note: After skimming, we can find that information of Q1 should be found in paragraph C as: - paragraph A tells us about the growth of renewable energy. - paragraph B mainly refers to the fact that renewable energy has become big business. - paragraph C mentions the assessment of several renewable technologies and non-renewable ones (this is the information we are searching for) Considering every details in Q1 and in the passage, we can conclude that the answer is C. |
Keywords in Questions | Similar words in Passage |
Q2: The membership of REN21 | Market leaders in renewable energy in 2004 included Brawl in biofuels, China in solar hot water, Germany in solar electricity, and Spain in wind power, the report said. |
Note: The keyword is REN21. After scanning, we find that REN21 appears in paragraph A, E, G. - paragraph A and E doesn't indicate anything relating to the membership of REN21. - in paragraph G, we can find information about the members of REN21 For that reason, we can conclude that the answer is G |
Keywords in Questions | Similar words in Passage |
Q3: The rates at which the use of renewable fuels is growing faster than the use of nonrenewable ones in the world | They (Renewable technologies) are growing at rates of around 20-30 per cent per year, however, compared to two or three per cent for oil and gas. |
Note After skimming, we can guess that clue to answer Q3 should be in paragraph A, as paragraph A is mainly about the growth of renewable energy. All thing considered, we can conclude that the answer for Q3 is A. |
Keywords in Questions | Similar words in Passage |
Q4: The sources of funding for renewable fuels in developing countries | An estimated $500 million goes to developing countries each year as development assistance for renewable energy projects, training, and market support with the German Development Finance Group (GDFG), the World Bank Group, and the Global Environment Facility (GEF) providing the majority of these funds, and dozens of other donors and programmes providing the rest, the report said |
Note We should look for any paragraph referring to developing countries. In this case, it is paragraph E and I. However, the author doesn't say anything about sources of funding in paragraph E. All thing considered, we can conclude that the answer for Q4 is I. |
Complete the following sentences using NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS from the text for each gap.
Biomass technology can use 5
Governments with renewable energy policies usually set 6 for renewable energy use.
The most important source of energy for China in 2020 is expected to be 7
Economic expansion and high oil prices mean that Asian countries are 8 for renewable sources of energy.
Keywords in Questions | Similar words in Passage |
Q5: Biomass technology can use __________ | modem biomass (agricultural waste , for example), wind, solar, geothermal, and biofuels such as ethanol and biodiesel. |
Note: This blank must be fulfilled by a noun, a material of biomass technology. We will search for the keyword "biomass". "Biomass" appears in paragraph A and C. After carefully reading, we find that the needed information is in paragraph C. It is stated in paragraph C that modern biomass uses agricultural waste. For that reason, the answer is "agricultural biomass". |
Keywords in Questions | Similar words in Passage |
Q6: Governments with renewable energy policies usually set __________ for renewable energy use. | At least 48 countries now have some type of renewable energy promotion policy, including 14 developing countries. Typically, they include targets to ensure that renewable sources generate 5-30 per cent of energy use in a given country by around 2010-2012. |
Note The words to fill in the blank must be a noun, as it follows the verb "set". This noun is somehow related to renewable energy use. To answer this question, we will look for paragraphs mentioning about governments or policies. The paragraphs referring to governments include E, G, H, I. The only paragraphs among 4 above ones indicates about policies is E. In paragraph E, it is stated that governments with renewable energy policies "set targets" for renewable energy use. For that reason, we can conclude that the answer is "targets". |
Keywords in Questions | Similar words in Passage |
Q7: The most important source of energy for China in 2020 is expected to be __________ | The renewable sector’s prospects appeared to receive a further boost Monday, when China announced it was raising its target for reliance on renewable energy even as it acknowledged that coal would remain its primary source for electricity for decades to come . |
Note: This blank should be a noun or an adjective, as it follows "to be". The keywords here are “China” and “2020”. It's quite obvious that the information needed to answer the question is in paragraph F. It is stated in paragraph F that coal is expected to be the most important source of energy for China. For that reason, the answer is "coal". |
Keywords in Questions | Similar words in Passage |
Q8: Economic expansion and high oil prices mean that Asian countries are __________ for renewable sources of energy. | Asia is seen as a vast market for renewable energy as it seeks to meet growing demand for power to feed rapid economic expansion amid runaway oil prices. |
Note This blank should be filled with a noun, as it is placed between "are" and "for renewable sources of energy". The keyword in the question is "Asian countries". Paragraph referring to Asian countries is I. It is written in the passage that Asian countries are a vast market for renewable energy. Therefore, the answer is "a vast market". Remember to add the determiner "a" to make the answer correct in English Grammar. |
Do the following statements agree with the information given in Reading Passage 1?
In boxes 9 -13 on your answer sheet, write
TRUE | if the statement agrees with the information |
FALSE | if the statement contradicts the information |
NOT GIVEN | If there is no information on this |
9 Eric Martinot advises large companies on investing in renewable energy.
10 Eric Martinot has over 100 people working in his team.
11 Increases in oil prices hurt developing economies more than developed ones.
12 The use of solar power grew by 60% between the year 2000 and the year 2004.
13 “Green” power consumers only get part of their electricity from alternative energy sources.
Keywords in Questions | Similar words in Passage |
Q9: Eric Martinot advises large companies on investing in renewable energy. | “Renewable energy has become big business,” said Eric Martinot, lead author of the study, “Renewables 2005: Global Status Report”. Martinot, a senior fellow at the Washington, DC-based think tank Worldwatch Institute and a lecturer at Tsinghua University in Beijing, said renewable energy has attracted some of the world’s largest companies, |
Note The keywords of Q9 are Eric Martinot. Therefore, the needed information is in paragraph B (which mentions about Eric Martinot and his study) From the passage, we can see that Eric Martinot said something about the growth of renewable energy business and a fact that renewable energy had attracted world's largest companies. However, he didn't advise any enterprise to invest in renewable energy. For that reason, the answer is NOT GIVEN. Tips: You shouldn't be misled by information like the growth of renewable energy as a business or the fact that large companies had attracted to this field. There is no word referring to advice of Eric in this passage, so the answer TRUE is not correct. |
Keywords in Questions | |
Q10: Eric Martinot has over 100 people working in his team. | |
Note Looking at paragraph B in which Eric Martinot and his study is mentioned, we find no clues about the number of people working in his team. For that reason, the answer is NOT GIVEN. |
Keywords in Questions | |
Q11: Increases in oil prices hurt developing economies more than developed ones. | |
Note "Oil prices" is mentioned in paragraph E and I. However, only paragraph E refers to the change in oil prices and its effect. According to the passage, rising oil prices have hit developing countries but there's no comparison between the effect on developing countries and that on developed ones. The given answer is NOT GIVEN as the information of Q11 is not confirmed in the passage. |
Keywords in Questions | Similar words in Passage |
Q12: The use of solar power grew by 60% between the year 2000 and the year 2004. | grid-connected solar photovoltaic (PV), existing capacity of which blossomed by sixty per cent per year from 2000-2004 |
Note Solar power is mentioned in paragraph H. In the passage, it is stated that the use of solar power grew by 60% per year from 2000 to 2004. In Q12, the use of solar power grew by 60% in the 4-year period, from 200 to 2004. For that reason, the answer is FALSE. |
Keywords in Questions | Similar words in Passage |
Q13 “Green” power consumers only get part of their electricity from alternative energy sources. | |
Note "Green" power consumers are mentioned in paragraph I. However, there is no clue relating to whether they get part of their electricity from alternative energy sources or not. For that reason, we can conclude that the answer is NOT GIVEN. |
You should spend about 20 minutes on Questions 1 -13, which are based on Reading Passage 1 below.
A
Renewable energy captured from the wind, sun, Earth’s heat, tides, and from small dams is drawing record levels of investment as poor villagers and entire nations alike seek clean, abundant ways to fuel economic growth. Global investment in renewable energy set a new record of $30 billion in 2004, according to a new report from the Renewable Energy Policy Network for the 21st Century (REN21). Technologies such as wind, solar, biomass, geothermal, and small hydro now provide 160 gigawatts of electricity generating capacity – about four per cent of the world total – the report said. They are growing at rates of around 20-30 per cent per year, however, compared to two or three per cent for oil and gas.
B
“Renewable energy has become big business,” said Eric Martinot, lead author of the study, “Renewables 2005: Global Status Report”. Martinot, a senior fellow at the Washington, DC-based think tank Worldwatch Institute and a lecturer at Tsinghua University in Beijing, said renewable energy has attracted some of the world’s largest companies, including General Electric, Siemens, Sharp, and Royal Dutch Shell. The report estimated that nearly 40 million households worldwide heat their water with solar collectors, most of them installed in the last five years. Altogether, renewable energy industries provide 1.7 million jobs, most of them skilled and well paid.
C
Martinot and 100-plus researchers in more than 20 countries assessed several renewable technologies: small hydro (meaning small dams), modem biomass (agricultural waste, for example), wind, solar, geothermal, and biofuels such as ethanol and biodiesel. These technologies now compete with conventional fuels in four distinct markets: power generation, hot water and space heating, transportation fuels, and rural (off-grid) energy supplies.
D
Renewable energy is gaining in popularity because it is considered to be in infinite supply – unlike oil, coal, and gas – and because it involves little or no pollution compared to those fossil fuels. Scientists blame the burning of fossil fuels for the release of carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gases that stoke global climate changes, which in turn are intensifying droughts in some parts of the world, floods and storms in others, and the spread of tropical diseases to temperate zones.
E
Additionally, renewable energy could empower millions of poor and vulnerable people who lack access to reliable, affordable, and clean modem energy services, UN Secretary General Kofi Annan said in a message to the Beijing International Renewable Energy Conference, which opened Monday. Annan said that rising oil prices have hit oil-importing developing countries especially hard and underscore the need for alternative energy supplies. According to the REN21 report, government support for renewable energy is growing rapidly. At least 48 countries now have some type of renewable energy promotion policy, including 14 developing countries. Typically, they include targets to ensure that renewable sources generate 5-30 per cent of energy use in a given country by around 2010-2012.
F
The renewable sector’s prospects appeared to receive a further boost Monday, when China announced it was raising its target for reliance on renewable energy even as it acknowledged that coal would remain its primary source for electricity for decades to come. Renewable energy should account for 15 per cent of national consumption by 2020. China had previously aimed to get 10 per cent of its energy from renewable sources by 2020.
G
Mandates for blending biofuels into vehicle fuels have been enacted in 20-plus states and provinces worldwide as well as in three key countries – Brazil, China, and India – the report said. Government leadership has ensured market success, according to REN21, which is composed of representatives of governments and non-governmental organisations. Market leaders in renewable energy in 2004 included Brawl in biofuels, China in solar hot water, Germany in solar electricity, and Spain in wind power, the report said.
H
The fastest growing energy technology in the world is grid-connected solar photovoltaic (PV), existing capacity of which blossomed by sixty per cent per year from 2000-2004, to cover more than 400,000 rooftops in Japan, Germany, and the United States, it found. Wind power came second, with generating capacity growing by 28 per cent last year with almost seventeen gigawatts installed as of 2004. Production of ethanol, biodiesel, and other biofuels exceeded 33 billion litres in 2004, when ethanol displaced about three per cent of the 1,200 billion litres of gasoline produced globally.
I
An estimated $500 million goes to developing countries each year as development assistance for renewable energy projects, training, and market support, with the German Development Finance Group (GDFG), the World Bank Group, and the Global Environment Facility (GEF) providing the majority of these funds, and dozens of other donors and programmes providing the rest, the report said. More than 4.5 million “green” power consumers in Europe, the United States, Canada, Australia, and Japan purchased renewable electricity in 2004, it added. Asia is seen as a vast market for renewable energy as it seeks to meet growing demand for power to feed rapid economic expansion amid runaway oil prices.
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Great thanks to volunteer Truong Nhat Minh who has contributed these explanations and markings.
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The give chart provides Information about the amount of waste produced by company A, company B and company C from 2000 to 2015.
It can be clearly seen that the amount of waste in company C increased while the amount of waste in company A decreased throughout the period.
Looking at the grap in more details, the amount of waste in company A declined moderately to about 9 between 2000 and 2010. There was a slight drop in this at about 8 in 2015. The amount of waste in company B went up sharply from around 8.5 to 10 over the following five years. The company B experienced significant decrease to 3 in 2020.
According the line graph, there was a steep growth in the amount of waste in company C at approximately 6 over a period of 5 years. In the year 2010, company C witnessed minimal rise at nearly 7. This grew markedly to almost 10 between 2010 to 2015.
The three pie charts below show the change in annual spending by a particular UK school in 1981,1991 and 2001.
The graphs illustrates the change for a United Kingdom school in the three years in 1981, 1982, and 1983.
Overall, we can clearly observe that over the period expenditure most in staff salaries. However, furniture as well as equipment increased rapidly and drops expenditure on things such as books and workers salaries.
In the three years, the greatest expenditure was on staff salaries,but while other workers salaries say a fall from 28% in 1981 to only 15% in 2001 . In the three years teachers pay demand the biggest cost reaching 50% total spending in 1991 and ending 45% in 2001.
Expenditure on resources like furniture as well as equipment to 15% by 1981 which increased dramatically to 23 percentage in ending years. Nevertheless, books was 20 proportion in 1991, which significant fall in 2001 from 9 %. The total spending of insurance rose minimally over the period.
More and more people start to succumb for drugs. What the causes of this phenomenon? Gave your solutions for this factor.
On the last time in various countries consuming the drugs becoming increasingly common among youth and adults. In this essay I will try to release the causes of this factor and present some remedies. First of all, it should be noted that approximately whole problems are cause by older generation. They convey misbehavior in form of that they experience necessary feelings to consume smoking either drinking that gradually switch to addiction and based on this younger generation see the pattern after which they succumb to try all of these mentioned above stuffs. Second reason may liie on the TV series, particularly in series such friends or euphoria where drugs mentioned not in less measure. Eventually, the plight retain also in the surrounding of humankind that force to them try such things like drugs to be able fight setbacks in their life individuals believe in refusing from them from this way. I consider the way out of these problems especially lies on the family side. They should have sense of responsibility when they show negative impacts for their children, take care about child mental statement to avoid of such events in the future life. second not less paramount solution is preventing the various illustrations about drugs in the movies that deteriorate right minds of individuals. Certainly people can not influence to fix others, however to beginning with they should to rise to the right way themselves after that no one can be the initiator for your businesses. Consequently, I infer humankind have a capacity to changing and transformation of their own life solely by rejection of the destroying things.
New technologies have changed the way children spend their free time . Do you think the advantages of this trend outweigh the disadvantages?
In recent years, new technologies like smartphones, tablets and gaming consoles have become ubiquitous , even among children. As a result , the way children spend their leisure time has been drastically altered .While this change has brought about both benefits and drawbacks , I believe that the advantages of this trend outweigh the disadvantages.
On the one hand, it is true that technology has its own downsides when it comes to kids. For instance, excessive screen time has been linked to poor sleep quality, impaired cognitive development , and increased risk of obesity. Children who spend too much time in front of screen may also find it too difficult to engage in other important activities such as sports, socializing with peers , and reading. Moreover, the internet can expose young people to inappropriate content, cyberbullying, and online predators.
On the other hand, there are several advantages to children spending their free time on technology. First and foremost, the use of technology devices can help develop crucial skills such as problem solving, critical thinking, and digital literacy . Many educational apps , games , and videos are available , which can enhance learning and encourage creativity. Additionally, technology provides an opportunity for social connection through online gaming communities, video chatting , and social media platforms. In today's world , where virtual communication has become increasingly important , technology enables children to stay in touch with friends and family who live far away.
In conclusion, while technology has some negative impacts on children's leisure time, its benefits outweigh its drawbacks. As long as parents monitor their children's screen time and ensure they engage in variety of activities , technology can be valuable tool for learning and socializing . Therefore , it is essential for parents and educators to embrace new technologies and encourage their responsible use among children.
Nowadays,more and more technical advertisements are spread around every place all over the world. Due to these developed technologies, most of the companies can advertise their products easier than before. I definitely agree to this point that advertising plays as a crucial role in our social lives.
If we were back to 19th century, not many advertisements were not known much and not as popular as in current time. Take us for example,
the advertisements in that time was very simple such as using only the cartoons charactors,
just encoding the main points for the products and using long theme songs for one advertisements. In the contrary, these ways could not be affected obviously to attract the people's mind to purchase their products. Why it could not be succeeded is that there were few houses owned the televisions for watching such kinds of advertisements.
Compared with such that time, today's system of advertisements are huge different dramatically. For example, the ways of advertisements are not conventional since many websites and social networks are influenced among the people's daliy life.The first point is everything can be chose and purchased smoothly with one touch on screen. Thousands of companies strive to get the high selling targets as much as they can by inserting their ads in social medias, creation their own pages and attracting with more or less amount of giveaways for subscribing their pages. Furthermore, advertising with the top celebrities is one of the ways to penetrate the marketing network. Seventy percents of people obsess about famous top stars so that the advertisements with them are able to influence the people's mind to buy the products which they advertise.The main point is that we can save our precious time by ordering the things we need from home without wasting time and energy. How splendid it is!
Taking all into account, it is more convinced to be one of the top sellers due to these developed technologies such as social networks. May be it was hard to sell even one thing to the customer.
Nevertheless, there is nothing to worry about the new products to be in the hands of the cosumers.
Through many ages, all of the situations and circumstances are transmitted from time to time.
Today many individuals think that children's parents should put restriction on their watching TV and playing video games routine and they should spend more time for read books. I totally agree with this statement because TV and video games are not very useful for children and books on the other hand are highly important for their study.
To begin with playing video games and watching TV are not useful for children because they put bad affect on eyesight as they spend more time on TV and video games. When they watch TV and playing video games, then they do not take food properly and they do not do study properly.For example, in India most three children come from their school they start watching TV and play video games due to this they lost their interest in study.As a result in coma, they cannot complete their study in good grade and they can decrease their eyesight and cannot do work properly in the future.
However, these days books are provide more knowledge to children or any person. Books are very beneficial for children because books are decrease stress and gain knowledge of children. Many type of books such as:. Poetry books, comic books, knowledgeable books, and scientific books are available in the market or libraries . For example, in the foreign country, some children gave preference to read books,they are get knowledge and start their big business in teenage and early settled in their life. Resultantly coma, reading books are very knowledgeable rather than watching TV and playing video games because books provide a discipline and knowledge to children.
In conclusion, children should read books rather than watching TV and playing video games because reading books, give more knowledge to children and watching TV and playing video games are not useful, these waste their precious time. So they can't achieve their goal in their life. If children spend more time on watching TV and playing video games, parents should prevent from this bad habit.
nowadays, children spend their most of time for playing games and no enough time for physical activitiesCurrently, most of the children’s spending thier time in video play on mobile devices and also playing game on computers, because new generation, nowadays they interest in mobile games and aslo playing movies on tv its is not essential for students, so i disagree with that. on the other hand. students who spend their time on physical activities like they playing games on outside and they are mentally and physically fit because, physically activity is more better then spending time on mobile devices.
so,i disagree with that. In my opinion,children spend thier time in physical activities,moreover when they most of time in physical activities they are fully fit and thier health is aslo good.
As we know that, technology has increasing day by day and it has made our life too much easier and comfortable. However, many researchers says that in future all transportation vehicles will be automatic drive and when travelling inside these only passengers without driver. According to me, I think it has some cons and some pros so that before commitment on my opinion I will explain my thought in this essay.
First of all, driverless travelling is a good idea because people can easily reach on their destination without driving and they don’t have trouble in future. Moreover, nowadays many people used to cars, truck and public transportation like bus, so that traffic has also increased and people stuck in traffic jam. In this situation people have to face many difficulties while driving these vehicles but when it will become a driverless people will seat inside car and enjoy with friends and family and they also will not feel bored.
On the other side, it has many drawbacks for human beings such as, many people not interested in this offer because they are not take any risk while travelling in car, truck or buses without driver. Automatic transportation will become riskier for us especially for youngsters. They like to drive faster and with automatic they will want to travelling like a flying. In addition, In my country, many individuals earn money on the basis driving. Therefore, if it become driverless they lost their earring platform.
In conclusion, I believe that it’s disadvantage of driverless vehicles outweigh the advantages because it’s become a riskier and people have to chances to lost their job as a driver.
In this contemporary epoch, it is vehemently true that the extreme amount of traffic have been created difficulties in not only few cities but in globe. The impending paragraphs intends to give a brief explanation of notions along with my personal whim.
Commencing with the paragraph, it reckons that due to extreme traffic jam the utter hustle and bustle have been created on paths. Ironically, it causes a lot of pollution in all over world. Firstly, a huge proportion of chronic disease have became a part of this reason. For instance, health organization inculcate that 85% of fetal disease are occuring due to the pollution cause by traffic. Moreover, accidents is the second major hardship for citizens. There are countless individuals who have lost there kith and kins in road accidents. However, most of the cases happens only because of the huge disturbance or traffic on the main roads and highways.
To conclude, it is a vital problem for all over world . So, individuals should be cooperative and should also give their support in controlling it. In addition to it, if more quicker Government will take these initiative steps than more rapidly the problems and hardships faced by traffic jam will fade.
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