Reading Passage 1 has seven paragraphs A – G.

Choose the correct heading for paragraphs B – G from the list of headings below.

Write the correct number i-x in boxes 1-6.

1 iiiiiiivvviviiviiiixx Paragraph B

2 iiiiiiivvviviiviiiixx Paragraph C

3 iiiiiiivvviviiviiiixx Paragraph D

4 iiiiiiivvviviiviiiixx Paragraph E

5 iiiiiiivvviviiviiiixx Paragraph F

6 iiiiiiivvviviiviiiixx Paragraph G

• 1 Answer: iii
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  Q1. Paragraph B	Several countries around the world have already imposed a national Jaw with heavy infringements.
  Note The whole paragraph B shows how the governments in the world react to the use of mobile whilst driving. The first sentence shows clearly the main idea “several countries around the world have already imposed a national Jaw with heavy infringements”. Heading “international reactions” suits for this paragraph. So the answer is iii

• 2 Answer: v
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  Q2. Paragraph C	Time and again, in study after study replicated across the world, the use of a cell phone by the driver has been proven, beyond any sense of reasonable doubt, to dramatically increase the probability of a motor vehicle crash
  Note The paragraph C refers to many studies about using mobile by drivers are carried out in the world. So the heading for paragraph C is “evidence in the world”. The answer is v.

• 3 Answer: vi
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  Q3. Paragraph D	Although this is only a pending idea,the government knows this will be a difficult infringementto police but a start needs to be made and people need to understand the consequences of what potentially could happen.
  Note We can see that the paragraph D is about the enforced fine become the difficulty to the police in New Zealand. So the heading for paragraph D can be “challenges of enforcement”. The answer is vi.

• 4 Answer: i
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  Q4. Paragraph E	Most people find It takes 2 and a half seconds to react in a dangerous situation but if you are on the phone you can add another 2 seconds onto that. Your attention is divided
  Note The paragraph mentions many effects of mobile phone that is shown clearly in the sentence “your attention is divided”. In the list of given headings, “impacts of mobile phones in hazards” suits for this paragraph. So the answer is i.

• 5 Answer: x
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  Q5. Paragraph F	However, doesn’t holding a conversation while driving seems just as distracting as eating food or reaching for a CD? Accidents were happening decades before the cell phone was introduced so should we be taking this matter so seriously.
  Note + The paragraph F refers to another risks of accidents such as eating food, reaching for a CD. + From the list of headings we have 2 options: ix and x relate to risk. The paragraph don’t mention to passengers so we reject option ix + We choose the heading “balance the risks”. The answer is x.

• 6 Answer: iv
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  Q6. Paragraph G	Lack of data leaves uncertain results but it seems research is ongoing and surveys and tests are being carried out on a regular basis to reach some kind of conclusion as to just how dangerous and potentially fatal this habit may be.
  Note + In the list of headings, we can see the option viii and the paragraph G refer to “data” but in the paragraph is “lack of data”, which is not relate to “contradictory data”. We reject option viii. + The paragraph G refers mainly to “research”, “survey”, “test”. So the option iv “further research required” is the answer.

Look at the following list of statement (questions 7-11) based on ‘Mobile phones and driving’

Match the statement with the correct person or department A-E.

7 ABCDE is currently putting together feedback from the general public.

8 ABCDE proposed specific penalties for mobile phone use while driving.

9 ABCDE statistically proven the higher likelihood of an accident.

10 ABCDE believes any use of a phone while driving has potential risks.

11 ABCDE speaking on the phone is an overrated risk.

• 7 Answer: A
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  Q7. ... is currently putting together feedback from the general public	Ministry of Transport is still preparing a report based on public consultation.
  Note Take a look at the first sentence in the paragraph D we can see the department “Ministry of Transport” followed by “is still preparing a report based on public consultation” which have the same meaning to question 7. So the answer is A.

• 8 Answer: E
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  Q8. ... proposed specific penalties for mobile phone use while driving.	In New Zealand, a proposal made by a previous Labourled Government suggests a $50 fine and 27 demerit points for any person using a cell phone whilst driving.
  Note Also at the first sentence in paragraph D, we see it is New Zealand which proposed specific penalties for mobile phone use while driving. So the answer for Q8 is E.

• 9 Answer: B
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  Q9. ... statistically proven the higher likelihood of an accident.	Research by road safety groups suggests speaking on a phone whilst driving increases your chances of an accident.
  Note The second sentence in paragraph C refers to “higher likelihood of an accident” with many words have the same meaning, “increases" is equal to “higher”, “likelihood" is equal to “chances”, “statistically" relates to “research". So we can see “road safety groups” is mentioned – option B is the answer for Q9.

• 10 Answer: C
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  Q10. ... believes any use of a phone while driving has potential risks.	It is a common misconception that hands free kits are safe to use, but research conducted by Waikato University has proven that these can be equally as dangerous as hand held phones.
  Note + The final sentence of paragraph D refers to hands free kits – another form of using phone, that relate to Q10. So it’ easy to see that Waikato University – the option C is mentioned. + It’s easy to mislead to the choice D – America radio host, by this sentence of paragraph E “an American radio host suggested that banning cell phones whist driving was taking it a step too far” But in the final sentence the American radio host doesn’t assume phoning is a risk. That’s not the content of the question 10. So the answer is C.

• 11 Answer: D
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  Q11 ... speaking on the phone is an overrated risk.	On the other hand, an American radio host suggested that banning cell phones whist driving was taking it a step too far, “if we ban cell phones, what’s next? No billboards, coffee drinking, or CD players?” The host agreed that texting whilst driving was a danger but phoning was not.
  Note + In the Q11, phoning is “overrated risk” means not a really risk. + In the final sentence of paragraph E, phoning is also mentioned not be a danger. So we find the needed information in paragraph E, it is seen that American radio host match to Q11. The answer is D.

Do the following statements agree with the information given in the reading passage?

In boxes 12-16 an your answer sheet write

12 TRUEFALSENOT GIVEN The law in Ireland regarding mobile phone use while driving is the world’s most serious.

13 TRUEFALSENOT GIVEN According to research conducted by road safety groups, speaking on a phone makes an accident nine times more likely.

14 TRUEFALSENOT GIVEN Reaction times in an emergency are doubled if the driver is using a mobile.

15 TRUEFALSENOT GIVEN Eating while driving is statistically as dangerous as using a mobile.

16 TRUEFALSENOT GIVEN More research is required to form a clearer conclusion.

• 12 Answer: NOT GIVEN
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  Q12. The law in Ireland regarding mobile phone use while driving is the world’s most serious.
  Note Skimming the whole passage, we just find clue to the law in New Zealand in the paragraph D, not find any information about Ireland. So the answer is NOT GIVEN.

• 13 Answer: FALSE
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  Q13. According to research conducted by road safety groups, speaking on a phone makes an accident nine times more likely.	Research by road safety groups suggests speaking on a phone whilst driving increases your chances of an accident , increasing to nine times morelikely when texting.
  Note + Take a look at the second sentences in paragraph C, it has the key words “research”, “road safety groups”, “nine times morelikely” which appear in Q13. + The question mention about speaking on a phone makes an accident nine times more likely, but in the paragraph C it is texting make accident nine times. So the answer is FALSE.

• 14 Answer: FALSE
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  Q14. Reaction times in an emergency are doubled if the driver is using a mobile.	But it has been proven that our reaction time is never fast enough when confronted with a road hazard, but if you are having a conversation at the same time it will slow your reaction time by even more.
  Note + Take a look at the second sentence in the paragraph E, it has the key word “reaction times” which is mentioned in the question. + In the paragraph, the reaction time is slow when using a mobile, “a road hazard” is equal to “emergency”. + Understanding the idea of the question, the answer here should be FALSE.

• 15 Answer: NOT GIVEN
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  Q15. Eating while driving is statistically as dangerous as using a mobile.	However, doesn’t holding a conversation while driving seems just as distracting as eating food or reaching for a CD? Accidents were happening decades before the cell phone was introduced so should we be taking this matter so seriously?
  Note + Take a look at a few sentences in the paragraph F, it has the key words “eating”, “while driving” which are mentioned in Q15. + In the paragraph E we don’t find any figure or statistic about accident caused by eating while driving. + Understanding the idea in the question, the answer here should be NOT GIVEN.

• 16 Answer: TRUE
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  Q16. More research is required to form a clearer conclusion.	Lack of data leaves uncertain results butit seems research is ongoing and surveys and tests are being carried out on a regular basis to reach some kind of conclusion as to just how dangerous and potentially fatal this habit may be.
  Note + Take a look at the final sentence in the paragraph G, it has the keywords “research” and “conclusion” which are mentioned in the question. + According to the sentence, more research are being carried out regularly to reach clearer conclusion. + Understanding the idea in the question, the answer here should be TRUE.