Do the following statements agree with the information, given in the reading passage?

In boxes 13-16 on your answer sheet write

13 TRUEFALSENOT GIVEN It was previously believed that biological processes slowed during sleep.

14 TRUEFALSENOT GIVEN Teenagers lose less sleep than adults when they have a medical condition.

15 TRUEFALSENOT GIVEN During the night, our sleep becomes increasingly deep.

16 TRUEFALSENOT GIVEN Lack of sleep can cause heart problems and other medical conditions.

• 13 Answer: TRUE
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  Q13. It was previously believed that biological processes slowed during sleep.	One earlier misconception that has now been revised is that the body completely slows down during sleep;
  Keywords in Q13 are “previously believed” “biological processes” and “slowed during sleep” After reading Paragraph A, we can easily read “one earlier misconception is that the body completely slows down during sleep” “Previously” and “earlier” refer to the same meaning in this case. “Biological processes” and “the body” refer to the same thing in this case. Thus, the correct answer for Q13 should be “True”

• 14 Answer: NOT GIVEN
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  Q14. Teenagers lose less sleep than adults when they have a medical condition.
  After reading Passage 2, we cannot find any information relating to Q14. Thus, the correct answer for Q14 should be “Not given” Note:You can read paragraph C, they mentioned time for sleep of teenagers and adults, but they did not mention about time to sleep when teenagers have a medical condition in comparison with adults.

• 15 Answer: FALSE
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  Q15. During the night, our sleep becomes increasingly deep.	Your sleep goes in cycles throughout the night, moving back and forth between deep restorative sleep and more alert stages with dreaming.
  After reading Paragraph D, we can easily read “your sleep goes in cycles throughout the night” and has different stages, different from information in Q15. Thus, the correct answer for Q15 should be “False”

• 16 Answer: FALSE
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  Q16. Lack of sleep can cause heart problems and other medical conditions.	When you constantly get less sleep (even 1 hour less) than you need each night, it is called sleep debt. You may pay for it in daytime drowsiness, trouble concentrating, moodiness, lower productivity and increased risk of falls and accidents.
  After reading Paragraph I, we can see that if we get less sleep, you may pay for it in daytime drowsiness, trouble concentrating, moodiness, lower productivity and increased risk of falls and accidents”. Because they did not mention heart problems or medical conditions when we get less sleep in Passage 2. Thus, the correct answer for Q16 should be “False” “Lack of sleep” and “sleep debt” have the same meaning in this context.

The reading passage has nine paragraphs, A-I.

Which paragraph contains the following information?

Write the correct letter A-I in boxes 23-27.

23 ABCDEFGHI Differences in sleep patterns between generations

24 ABCDEFGHI Brain activity is limited as resources are diverted

25 ABCDEFGHI Repetition of the cycle

26 ABCDEFGHI Dangers of accumulated lack of sleep

27 ABCDEFGHI Increased activity during sleep

• 23 Answer: C
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  Q23. Differences in sleep patterns between generations

  Keywords in Q23 are “sleep patterns” and “generation” We can easily see in only paragraph C they mention the sleep hours for babies, teenagers and adults and older people. Thus, the correct answer for Q23 should be “C”

• 24 Answer: G
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  Q24. Brain activity is limited as resources are diverted.	Your brain has slowed right down and is recovering
  Keywords in Q24 are “brain activity”, “limited” and “diverted” Relating to “brain activity”, we just find information from paragraph E and paragraph G. However, after reading paragraph E, we can see “Breathing becomes fast, shallow and uneven, with an increase in brain activity, heartbeat and blood pressure”, contradict with information in Q24. From paragraph G, we can read “Your brain has slowed right down and is recovering”, it is nearly closer to information in Q24. Thus, the correct answer for Q24 should be “G”

• 25 Answer: H
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  Q25. Repetition of the cycle	About an hour and a half into your sleep cycle you will go from deep Stage 4 sleep back into light Stage 2 sleep, then into REM sleep, before the cycle begins again
  Keywords in Q25 are “repetition”, “cycle” Relating to the cycle of sleep, we can easily read in paragraph H, they mention repetition of the sleep cycle in details. Thus, the correct answer for Q25 should be “H” Note: Don’t be misled with information in paragraph D because although in paragraph D also mentioned “your sleep goes in cycles throughout the night…”, but it is not in details as paragraph H and it also did not mention the repetition of the cycle like in paragraph H.

• 26 Answer: I
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  Q26. Dangers of accumulated lack of sleep	moodiness, lower productivity and increased risk of falls and accidents
  After reading Passage 2, we could easily choose paragraph I as the correct answer for Q26, because in paragraph I, they mentioned the dangers of lack of sleep (sleep debt), many problems can be caused when avoiding a good night’s sleep… Thus, the correct answer for Q26 should be “I”

• 27 Answer: E
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  Q27. Increased activity during sleep	during which time your body’s activities increase. Breathing becomes fast, shallow and uneven, with an increase in brain activity, heartbeat and blood pressure.
  Keywords in Q27 are “increased activity” and “during sleep” After reading Passage 2, we can read from paragraph E “…during which time your body’s activities increase. Breathing becomes fast, shallow and uneven, with an increase in brain activity, heartbeat and blood pressure”, all keywords appeared and it also mention activities during sleep in details. Thus, the correct answer for Q27 should be “E”

Reading Passage 1 has eight paragraphs A-H.

Choose the correct heading for paragraphs A-H from the list of headings below.

Write the correct number i-xii in boxes 28-35.

28 iiiiiiivvviviiviiiixxxixii Paragraph A

29 iiiiiiivvviviiviiiixxxixii Paragraph B

30 iiiiiiivvviviiviiiixxxixii Paragraph C

31 iiiiiiivvviviiviiiixxxixii Paragraph D

32 iiiiiiivvviviiviiiixxxixii Paragraph E

33 iiiiiiivvviviiviiiixxxixii Paragraph F

34 iiiiiiivvviviiviiiixxxixii Paragraph G

35 iiiiiiivvviviiviiiixxxixii Paragraph H

• 28 Answer: x
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  Q28.Paragraph A	Constellation boundaries and definitions as used today in Western culture, and as defined by the International Astronomical Union (IAU), were formalised in 1930 by Eugene Delporte.
  After reading Paragraph A, we can understand the main content is about constellation boundaries and definitions today defined by IAU, were formalized in 1930 by Eugene Delporte” and “There are 88 official constellations as recognised by the IAU” It almost about marking of constellations. Thus, the correct answer for Q28 should be “x – formal marking of constellations”

• 29 Answer: v
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  Q29.Paragraph B	Cultural differences in Interpretation and definition of star constellations mainly relate to these zodiac interpretations, Chinese constellations… Hindu/Vedic astronomy… In Greek mythology…
  After reading Paragraph B, we can easily see many keywords are mentioned many times. “Star constellations” and “star groupings” refer to the same meaning in this case. Thus, the correct answer for Q29 should be “v – different interpretations of star groupings ”

• 30 Answer: xii
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  Q30.Paragraph C	In western astronomy, all modern constellation names derive from Latin, some stars within the constellations are named using the genitive form of the Latin word by using the usual rules of Latin grammar. In addition, all constellation names have a standard three- letter abbreviation as assigned by the IAU.
  After reading Paragraph C, we could easily find main content in this paragraph relating to “name of constellation derive from Latin, use rules of Latin grammar, and have standard assigned by IAU…”. From the list of headings, only “xii – historical and modern reference” is suitable with paragraph C Thus, the correct answer for Q30 should be “xii – historical and modern reference”

• 31 Answer: vi
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  Q31. Paragraph D	Some star patterns often wrongly considered constellations by laymen are actually ‘asterisms’ – a group of stars that appear to form patterns in the sky…
  After reading Paragraph D, we could easily choose heading vi as correct answer for Q31 “Often wrongly considered” and “common misconceptions” refer to the same meaning in this case. Thus, the correct answer for Q31 should be “vi - common misconceptions”

• 32 Answer: i
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  Q32. Paragraph E	In order to identify the position of stars relative to the Earth, there are a number of different celestial coordinate systems that cart provide a detailed reference point in space.
  After reading Paragraph E, we can see the main content of this paragraph is about identifying the position of stars in different ways. Thus, the suitable heading for this paragraph should be “I – Different methods of locating and identifying. Thus, the correct answer for Q32 should be “i – Different methods of locating and identifying”

• 33 Answer: ii
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  Q33. Paragraph F	The launch of the Hubble space telescope in April 1990 changed the way that astronomers saw the universe, providing detailed digital images of constellations, planets and gas- clouds that had never been seen before
  From the beginning of paragraph F, we can see “Hubble space telescope changed the way that astronomers saw the universe, providing detailed digital images of constellations… had never been seen before”, it means that is a positive, a better view of constellations. Thus, the correct answer for Q33 should be “ii – A better view of constellations”

• 34 Answer: vii
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  Q34. Paragraph G	The telescope’s location above the Earth’s atmosphere also has a number of significant advantages over land based telescopes The Hubble Space Telescope can also observe infrared light that would otherwise be blocked by the atmosphere as the wavelength…
  After reading Paragraph G, we can see they mentioned significant advantages above Earth’s atmosphere’s telescope over land based telescopes and overcome some limitations of land based telescopes. “Land based telescopes”, “ground-based telescope” and “terrestrial telescope” refer to the same things in this context. Thus, the correct answer for Q34 should be “vii – Bypassing terrestrial limitations”

• 35 Answer: viii
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  Q35. Paragraph H	the telescope has reignited interest in space amongst the general public– a requirement, given that taxpayer funding paid for the research, deployment and maintenance of the telescope.
  After reading Paragraph H, we can see “the telescope has reignited interest in space amongst the general public” “Reignited interest” and “Renewed interest” refer to the same meaning in this case. Thus, the correct answer for Q35 should be “viii – Renewed interest in the stars”