IELTS Recent Mock Tests Volume 6

Published on: 15 Nov 2018
Tests taken: 2,552,844

Answer Keys:

Report Mistake

Part 1: Question 1 - 10

1 quiet
2 impolite
3 rarely
4 smoke
5 promptly

6 co-operate
7 attend meeting
8 follow rules
9 strictly forbidden
10 be done

Part 2: Question 11 - 20

11 steps
12 danger
13 respond
14 unconscious

15 blockages
16 irregular
17 medics
18 20 C,D,F

Part 3: Question 21 - 30

21 C
22 A
23 B
24 C
25 C

26 ensure
27 deposited
28 display
29 distribute
30 reward

Part 4: Question 31 - 40

31 B
32 B
33 B
34 effectiveness
35 (a) liquid

36 pipework
37 a quarter
38 suffocation
39 double
40 heavy metals

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Review & Explanations:

Part 1: Questions 1-10

Questions 1-6

Complete the table.

Write ONE WORD ONLY for each answer.

Name of new tenant: Anders (EXAMPLE)
	Good Points About Him	Bad Points About Him
Behaviour	He is 1	He is 2
His Friends	His friends visit 3	They 4
Other	He pays rent 5	He doesn’t 6

1 Answer: quiet

Listen from here Locate Explain Report

The keywords concerned in Q1 are “good” and “behaviour”.
From the question, we can presume that the answer must be an adjective about good behaviour.
Tom talks about his concern about Anders’ behaviour and Richard says that Anders has a good point being quiet. So the answer must be quiet.

2 Answer: impolite

Listen from here Locate Explain Report

The keywords concerned in Q2 are “bad” and “behaviour”.
From the question, we can presume that the answer must be an adjective about bad behaviour.
Tom compares Anders to their last flatmate and points out that Anders is very impolite. So the answer must be impolite.

3 Answer: rarely

Listen from here Locate Explain Report

The keywords concerned in Q3 are “good point” and “friends”.
From the question, we can presume that the answer must be an adverb about the frequency of his friend visit.
Tom mentions Anders’ friends and Richard says that he rarely sees them. So the answer must be rarely.

4 Answer: smoke

Listen from here Locate Explain Report

The keywords concerned in Q4 are “bad“ and “friends”.
From the question, we can presume that the answer must be a verb.
Tom says Anders’ friends smoke and make the house stink and smoking is also prohibited, so it’s a bad thing about his friend. So the answer must be smoke.

5 Answer: promptly

Listen from here Locate Explain Report

The keywords concerned in Q5 are “good”, “pay” and ”rent”.
From the question, we can presume that the answer must be an adverb.
Richard mentions that their last flatmate always paid the rent late and Tom says Anders pay promptly, that’s a good point. So the answer must be promptly.

6 Answer: co-operate

Listen from here Locate Explain Report

The keyword concerned in Q6 is “bad” .
From the question, we can presume that the answer must be a verb.
Tom says a good tenant need to cooperate with others and Anders fails at it, so it’s a bad point of him. So the answer must be cooperate.

Questions 7-10

Complete the notes.

Write NO MORE THAN TWO WORDS for each answer.

Issues to Discuss
Communication: 7 Friends: 8 Cigarettes: 9 Cleaning: must 10

7 Answer: attend meeting

Listen from here Locate Explain Report

The keyword concerned in Q7 is “‘Communication’” .
Richard suggests to make a list of issues to discuss with Anders, and Tom writes ‘Communication’, then Richard writes ‘attend meeting’, Tom agree. So the answer must be attend meeting.

8 Answer: follow rules

Listen from here Locate Explain Report

The keyword concerned in Q8 is “Friends” .
Tom writes ‘Friend’ and stress that they are not allowed to smoke, then Richard suggest that it should be ‘follow rules’, Tom agree. So the answer must be follow rules

9 Answer: strictly forbidden
Listen from here Locate Explain Report
The keyword concerned in Q9 is “Cigarettes” .
Tom say that cigarettes must be ‘strictly forbidden’, then Richard agree. So the answer must be strictly forbidden.

10 Answer: be done

Listen from here Locate Explain Report

The keyword concerned in Q10 is “Cleaning”.
Richard mentions the cleaning duties, Tom writes ‘must be better’ but Richard suggests ‘must be done’ and Tom agree. So the answer must be must be done.

Part 1

Part 2: Questions 11-20

Questions 11-17

Complete the sentences.

Write ONE WORD ONLY for each answer.

It is important for everyone to know simple first aid 11

After an accident, one must firstly be aware of 12

After that, the first-aider must 13

Clearing of airways may not happen when patients are 14

The mouth must be checked for 15

CPR must be done if breathing is absent or 16

CPR must be done up to the arrival of 17

11 Answer: steps

Listen from here Locate Explain Report

The keyword concerned in Q11 is “important”.
From the question, we can presume that the answer must be a noun.
Essential is equal to important.
She says it’s essential for everyone to know the steps of first aid. So the answer must be steps.

12 Answer: danger
Listen from here Locate Explain Report
The keyword concerned in Q12 is “firstly”.
From the question, we can presume that the answer must be a noun.
She says danger must be the first issue to keep in mind. So the answer must be danger.

13 Answer: respond

Listen from here Locate Explain Report

The keyword concerned in Q13 is “firstly”.
From the question, we can presume that the answer must be a verb.
She says after the danger has been eliminated, one must response . So the answer must be respond.

14 Answer: unconscious

Listen from here Locate Explain Report

The keyword concerned in Q14 is “airway”.
From the question, we can presume that the answer must be an adjective.
She says clearing airway may not happen automatically if the person is unconscious. So the answer must be unconscious.

15 Answer: blockages

Listen from here Locate Explain Report

The keyword concerned in Q15 is “be checked”.
From the question, we can presume that the answer must be a noun.
“Be checked” is referred to “ensure”
She says check the mouth to make sure there are no blockages. So the answer must be blockages.

16 Answer: irregular

Listen from here Locate Explain Report

The keyword concerned in Q16 is “breathing”.
From the question, we can presume that the answer must be an adjective.
“Not happening” is equal to “absent”.
She says if breathing is absent or irregular, the CPR must be done. So the answer must be irregular.

17 Answer: medics

Listen from here Locate Explain Report

The keywords concerned in Q17 are “CPR” and“arrival”.
From the question, we can presume that the answer must be a noun.
“Combination” means “CPR”.
She says CPR must be done to keep the patient alive until medics arrive. So the answer must be medics.

Questions 18-20

Choose THREE answers from the list and write the correct letter, A—G, next to the questions.

Which THREE pieces of advice does the first-aid officer say are most important?

A Have proper equipment
B Give regular first-aid training
C Have a safety officer
D Instil safe behaviour
E Put posters on walls
F Have safety meetings
G Have first-aid boxes

18-20 Answer: C,D,F

Listen from here Locate Explain Report

We need to find 1 of 3 most important advice of first-aid officer for Q18.
She says it’s important to have an appointed person whose job is to ensure awareness and work-safety, in other word, safety officer. So C. ”have a safety officer” is one of the answers.

We need to find 1 of 3 most important advices of first-aid officer for Q19.
She lists other idea but then says it is much better if everyone is just instilled to not be reckless so they wouldn’t rush into possible accident. So D. ”Instill safe behaviour” is one of the answers.

We need to find 1 of 3 most important advices of first-aid officer for Q20.
She lists some other suggestions but then says nothing beats a regular meeting on safety issues. So F. ”Have safety meetings” is the last needed answer.

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Part 2

Part 3: Questions 21-30

Questions 21-25

Choose the correct letter, A, B, or C.

Nicole received the best information from the

A staff.
B students.
C cleaners.

Answer: C

Listen from here Locate Explain Report

The keyword concerned in Q21 is “best”.
“Best” is equal to “most relevant”.
Nicole says she received the best facts from cleaners. So the answer must be C. “Cleaners”.

The product used most wastefully was

A copying paper.
B plastic.
C paper plates and cups.

Answer: A

Listen from here Locate Explain Report

The keywords concerned in Q22 are “most” and “wasteful”.
Frank asks what item was most commonly disposed of and Nicole says it depends on places but in general,there was almost no attempt at recycling and paper copying was used the most wastefully. So the answer must be A. “Copying paper”.

The proportion of interviewed people who expressed concern over waste was

A 30%.
B 45%.
C 55%.

Answer: B

Listen from here Locate Explain Report

The keyword concerned in Q23 is “proportion”.
Frank asks if people care about recycling and Nicole says 45% of interviewed people care about this issue. So the answer must be B. ”45%”.

The proportion who claim they take action over this problem was

A 10%.
D one third
C one half.

Answer: C

Listen from here Locate Explain Report

The keyword concerned in Q24 is “proportion”.
Frank asks if people who care about recycling do anything about it and Nicole says it’s an equal split between those who don’t and those who do something about it.
Equal split mean there is 50% on both side, which means one half.
So the answer must be C. “one half”.

Nicole thinks many people do nothing because they are

A lazy.
B uncaring.
C uninformed.

Answer: C

Listen from here Locate Explain Report

The keyword concerned in Q25 is “nothing”.
“Nothing” is equal to “inactive”.
Frank asks why people do nothing on the issue they concern about and Nicole says it’s because they don’t know what to do and the importance of the issue was made cleared to them, in other word, they are uninformed. So the answer must be C. “uninformed”.

Questions 26-30

Complete the flowchart.

Write ONE WORD ONLY for each answer.

Procedure to Reduce Copying Waste
26 that the staff do double-sided copying.

Unwanted copies are 27 into a special recycling tray.

28 these clearly, for easy reuse.

Stack them in a special copying tray each morning.

29 codes which allow each user to access this tray.

Give highest users a 30 (e.g. cinema tickets).

26 Answer: ensure

Listen from here Locate Explain Report

The keyword concerned in Q26 is “double-sided”.
“Double-sided” is equal to “both side”.
From the question, we can presume that the answer must be a verb.
Frank says they must ensure that all people must do double-sided copying. So the answer must be ensure.

27 Answer: deposited

Listen from here Locate Explain Report

The keyword concerned in Q27 is “unwanted”.
“Unwanted” is referred to “not wanted and not intended for use”.
From the question, we can presume that the answer must be a verb.
Frank says unwanted copies need to be deposited into a special recycling tray. So the answer must be deposited.

28 Answer: display

Listen from here Locate Explain Report

The keyword concerned in Q28 is “clearly”.
From the question, we can presume that the answer must be a verb.
Frank suggests to display these unwanted copies clearly right in front of everyone with sign. So the answer must be display.

29 Answer: distribute

Listen from here Locate Explain Report

The keyword concerned in Q29 is “codes”.
From the question, we can presume that the answer must be a verb.
Frank suggests to distribute codes allowing everyone to access recycling tray. So the answer must be distribute.

30 Answer: reward

Listen from here Locate Explain Report

The keyword concerned in Q30 is “highest”.
From the question, we can presume that the answer must be a noun.
“Highest user” is referred to “the person who does most copying from recycling tray”.
Frank suggests to get the highest user of recycling tray a sort of reward. So the answer must be distribute.

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Part 3

Part 4: Questions 31-40

Questions 31-33

Choose the correct letter, A, B, or C.

Society cannot

A find more coal and oil.
B reduce waste C02.
C take C02 from power stations.

Answer: B

Listen from here Locate Explain Report

The keyword concerned in Q31 is “cannot”.
“Cannot reduce” is equal to “impossible to limit”.
He says society cannot reduce the waste of CO2. So the answer must be B. “Reduce waste CO2”.

Turning carbon dioxide into a solid

A is slow but practical.
B can be made faster.
C cannot happen naturally.

Answer: B

Listen from here Locate Explain Report

The keyword concerned in Q32 is “solid”.
He says CO2 solidification occurs naturally, so C. ”cannot happen naturally” is not the answer.
He says the slow process is the problem, so it’s not practical to let the process happens naturally. So A. ”is slow but not practical” is not our answer
He says even though it’s too slow to be economical, the process can still be enhanced to be faster. So the answer must be B. “Can be made faster”.

Seawater

A has lots of carbonic acid.
B has closely connected types of life.
C is highly acidic.

Answer: B

Listen from here Locate Explain Report

The keyword concerned in Q33 is “seawater”.
“Seawater” is referred to “Ocean”.
He says pumping CO2 to the bottom of ocean is ruled out because of ruining delicate life and the intricate food chains in the seawater. So the answer must be B. ”has closely connected types of life”.

Questions 34-40

Complete the table.

Write NO MORE THAN TWO WORDS OR A NUMBER for each answer.

Three Problems of Geosequestration
Risk of leaks	Cost	34 still not proven
Gas would become 35	expensive, particularly the 36	Require the plant to burn 37 of its coal

risk of widespread 38	Price of electricity could 39	release of more Sulphur, ash, and 40

34 Answer: effectiveness

Listen from here Locate Explain Report

The keywords concerned in Q34 are “risk of leaks”, “cost” and “still not proven”.
He lists 3 disadvantage of geosequestration: the risk of leaks, cost and unproven effectiveness.
“Unproven” is equal to “still not proven”. So the answer must be effectiveness.

35 Answer: (a) liquid

Listen from here Locate Explain Report

The keywords concerned in Q35 are “risk of leaks” and “gas”.
From the question, we can presume the answer must be a noun.
He says under the huge pressures, the gas will turn into a liquid state allowing it to leak. So the answer must be liquid.

36 Answer: pipework

Listen from here Locate Explain Report

The keywords concerned in Q36 are “cost” and “particularly”.
From the question, we can presume the answer must be a noun.
“Particularly” here has the same meaning as “primarily”, which is to emphasis.
He says geosequestration is expensive, particularly the pipework. So the answer must be pipework.

37 Answer: a quarter

Listen from here Locate Explain Report

The keywords concerned in Q37 are “effectiveness” and “require”.
From the question, we can presume the answer must be a noun.
“Require” is equal to “need”.
He says geosequestration need to burn a quarter of plant’s coal for energy. So the answer must be a quarter.

38 Answer: suffocation

Listen from here Locate Explain Report

The keywords concerned in Q38 are “risk of leaks” and “widespread”.
From the question, we can presume the answer must be a noun.
He says when the CO2 is leaked from underground, thousands or ten thousands of people would die of suffocation, which is widespread suffocation. So the answer must be suffocation.

39 Answer: double

Listen from here Locate Explain Report

The keywords concerned in Q39 are “cost” and “electricity”.
From the question, we can presume the answer must be a verb.
He says if geosequestration were implemented tin coal-fired plants, the price of electricity will double. So the answer must be double.

40 Answer: heavy metals

Listen from here Locate Explain Report

The keywords concerned in Q40 are “effectiveness”, “sulphur” and “ash”.
From the question, we can presume the answer must be a noun.
He says using more coal to produce energy for sequestration will also produce other pollutants such as sulphur, ash and heavy metals. So the answer must be heavy metals.

Part 4

Change Audio Sources

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SECTION 1

You will hear two flatmates, Tom and Richard, talking about their new flatmate, who has just moved in the week before.

Tom: Hi, Richard. I’m glad I caught you here. Can I just talk to you about something? Our new flatmate—Anders — is not quite what I had hoped. I was wondering if you shared my concerns about some of his behaviour.

Richard: Ah, yes, Tom, I know what you mean, but we can’t be entirely negative. He has good points. I mean, at least he’s quiet. He doesn’t play loud music all night, or bother others, or turn his TV up, disturbing everyone.

Tom: Sure, he’s quiet, but remember our last flatmate? He’d say ‘hi’ to you, and smile, and treat everyone politely. In comparison, this new guy is very impolite. He just grunts in reply, and sometimes ignores me altogether.

Richard: I guess that’s just his way—y’know, just his character. I don’t think he realises he’s being impolite, and it shouldn’t matter to us too much. We can just ignore him, too, and quietly live our own lives.

Tom: But his friends are hard to ignore, when they visit.

Richard: I know what you mean, but how often does that happen? I rarely see them — maybe once or twice a month. If they came moreoften, it might be a problem, but as it is, such rare visits don’t matter so much. Wouldn’t you say so?

Tom: Well, I’m not sure, since it’s very obvious when they’re here because of all the cigarette smoke in the house. It stinks up the place, and you know we don’t allow smoking on the premises.

Richard: Well, I’ve never seen them doing this. Maybe they do it outside. Perhaps we can talk to Anders about it. Always remember, though, in one respect, he’s a good tenant. And it’s the most important aspect. The previous flatmate would always pay the rent late.

Tom: I know what you’re going to say. This guy pays promptly. But there’s more to being a good tenant than prompt payment. I mean, you need to turn off the TV, clean up your dishes, dress respectably, be polite, and so on. I guess what I’m saying is that, basically, you need to co-operate with the others, and this new guy fails significantly in this respect.

Richard: Okay, I suppose you have a point there.

Richard: I tell you what, Tom, why don’t we talk to our new flatmate, Anders, about these issues? If we throw him out, we’ll have to go to all the trouble of finding another flatmate, who might not necessarily be much better. So, let’s give the current guy a chance. Here. I’ve got a piece of paper, so let’s make a short list of issues to discuss with him. Get it out into the open.

Tom: Sure. We’ll give him one more chance. So, write, ‘Communication’, and let’s tell him to ...

Richard: Well, we can’t change a person’s personality overnight, so why don’t we have a weekly tenants’ meeting, and we can just ask him to attend? That way we can get to know him better. I’ll write ‘attend meeting’, and we can take it from there.

Tom: Okay, but we have to tell him about his friends. They can’t just do whatever they want. Write a heading ‘friends’ and then write ‘don’t smoke, anywhere, inside or outside’.

Richard: Well, instead of being so direct, and possibly causing offense, I’ll just write, ‘follow rules’, and verbally mention the rules: TV off by 10 pm, no loud music, or bad behaviour, including smoking.

Tom: Okay, do that, but I still think we need to specifically mention that last issue. You know how I can’t stand the habit, so I’d like this to be another and separate point. Cigarettes! Strictly forbidden! And it’s important to include the ‘strictly’ here. We can’t pussyfoot around too much. Sometimes directness is necessary.

Richard: Okay, I’ll write that... ‘for-bidd-en’ ... Okay. And what about cleaning duties? Anders is a little too relaxed about that. Dishes are sometimes not washed, dirty tea cups are left around the place, and so on.

Tom: So, write ‘must do better!’

Richard: Yeahhhh, again Tom, he might take that personally, and it could cause a scene. I’d rather be general. I’ll write ‘must be done’ and I’ll tell him that that’s for everyone, not just him. Okay?

Tom: Okay. As long as he gets the message.

SECTION 2

You will hear a first-aid officer talking to a group of factory workers about emergency first aid.

Hello, everyone. Now, you know why I'm here. You all work in a factory, and in this environment, there always remains a significant possibility of accidents happening, in which case, first aid will be necessary. What is first aid? It is the provision of emergency on-site care when an injury occurs, and it is essential for everyone to know, if only simply, the steps which must be followed.

There are, of course, minor injuries which may happen, not needing further medical care beyond the intervention of the first-aider, but you can never be sure, thus the following steps must always he followed. These can be abbreviated to the words. 'Dr ABC"— in other words. D — R— A —B—C . The 'D' stands for "danger", and that's the first issue to keep in mind. When an accident happens, immediately ascertain that the environment is safe — that, for example, nothing else will fall or break or cause accidents. If you, the first-aider, are also injured, the problem is even worse. The 'R' stands for "respond'. You must then ascertain the best response. Once all the danger has been eliminated, and the distress calls sent out, the appropriate action is, obviously, to help the injured parly.

Alright, that leads to 'A', which stands for "airway". In order to stay alive, all people need to have an open airway to allow breathing. A conscious person will automatically clear their own airway, but if unconscious, this may not happen. The brain is stopped or hindered from properly directing the body and, obviously, in the worst case, death can result, for this reason, the injured person is normally put into the 'recovery' position — placed on the side, tilling the head back, and ensuring that there are no blockages in the mouth. To free any such blockages, the back can be slapped, or the chest compressed, allowing anything to be spat out. Now that the airway is free, cheek for 'B' or 'breathing'. If breathing is not happening, or is irregular, the fust-aider may have to assist with what is technically known as cardiopulmonary resuscitation, or more commonly. C P R. This involves breathing for the patient, through mouth-to-mouth contact, while periodically massaging the heart through compressions to the chest. This combination allows blood, and oxygen, to flow around the body, keeping the patient alive, hopefully until medics, such as doctors, advanced first-aiders, or ambulance staff, arrive.

Now, it’s certainly good to have know ledge of emergency fust aid. but. obviously, the best situation is simply not to have accidents occur in the first place, for that, you need to be aware of safety issues, but just saying "be aware' does not usually achieve much. It is more important to have an appointed person whose job is to ensure awareness and work- safety. Safely inspections would obviously be part of their job, whereby'they can make sure, for example, that the first-aid boxes are fully equipped. Another idea is to put posters on the walls, but. interestingly, research has proven that these lend to he ignored, becoming just part of the wallpaper—seen, but not put into practice. It is much better if everyone is just instilled to not be reckless, that is,to not rush into situations without thinking about the possibility of accidents, and instilling this mindset is part of the job of the safety officer. Some other suggestions are ongoing first-aid training, and ‘no accident’ reward or star systems. These have had some success, but nothing beats a regular meeting, say , once a month, in which the subject of safety is brought to the attention of everyone, and any outstanding issues related to this are thoroughly discussed.

SECTION 3

You will hear two students, Frank and Nicole, discussing their research on university waste.

Frank: Hi, Nicole. As you know, we’ve got to decide on the best ways this university can reduce its waste. You inspected the eastern campus, and I did the western buildings. Did you do all the interviews as well?

Nicole: Yes, I interviewed all the staff, who made some good observations, and I interviewed some of the students. The students said little that was interesting. They don’t seem to care that much. It was the cleaners, surprisingly, who revealed the most relevant facts.

Frank: That’s not surprising to me. They empty all the bins, so they see the waste first- hand, whereas the staff just throw things away without thinking. What item was most

commonly disposed of?

Nicole: Well, it really depended on where I interviewed. In the cafeteria precinct, obviously paper plates and cups were thrown away all over the place. There was almost no attempt at recycling. However, across the university in general, it was paper copying that filled up most bins, far more than plastic, or other forms of waste.

Frank: Do people care about this, then?

Nicole: Well, some do, if you can believe them. I must have interviewed about 30% of customers in the cafeteria, and the results were mixed. Out of all the people I interviewed, well over half, maybe about 55% of them, were quite honest about it, telling me that they had little concern. The other fraction, 45%, were more troubled.

Frank: Yes, but do they do anything about it?

Nicole: Surprisingly, quite a significant percentage do do something, even if they aren’t particularly concerned. I mean, small things. About 10% bring their own cups to the cafeteria, for example, and at least one third said they use recycling bins, so, in total, it’s an equal split between those who do something, or those who don’t.

Frank: So why do so many people remain inactive, particularly over an issue they should care about more?

Nicole: I think they do care, and many of them are prepared to do something. Obviously, there’s an element of laziness, but I’d say that it’s relatively small. If they knew what to do, and if stringent systems existed, or if the importance of this was made clearer to them, I’m sure you’d see a much larger percentage of people actively working towards helping our environment.

Frank: Well, there’s cause for optimism, at least.

Frank: Clearly then, there’s a significant waste of paper here at this university, so I’ve worked out one practical suggestion which could help reduce it —specifically, the waste from the excess photocopying.

Nicole: Let me hear it, then.

Frank: Ah obviously, for a start, we’ve got to ensure that people, including the staff, without exception, copy both sides of a page. We can’t tolerate single-sided copying. It’s just far too wasteful.

Nicole: Absolutely. Just more trees being chopped down.

Frank: But as people are doing copying, there may be adjustments, and practice copying, producing singlesided copies or blank pages not wanted and not intended for use. These need to be deposited into a tray for intended recycling —you know, for recopying onto the blank side of the page.

Nicole: But people don’t usually do that. I’m afraid it’s just human nature. No matter how unimportant the copying is, they prefer to use fresh paper.

Frank: Yeah, I agree with you, which is why you need to display these papers right in front of everyone, with a clear sign, ‘Please Reuse’, to make it easy for them to do so.

Nicole: They still won’t do it.

Frank: I know. That’s why you take some of these papers, and regularly stack them inside the copier, in a special tray, once a day—say, in the morning.

Nicole: Well, that’s getting better, making it easier for them to use the paper, but still, I’m afraid many won’t.

Frank: That’s why you allow everyone to select this tray when copying. You distribute numbers or codes to every person, giving them special access to this recycling tray. Every time they use papers from this, it’s tallied up to their account.

Nicole: I know I’m sounding a bit negative ... or even cynical here ... but why should they bother using that tray?

Frank: Because the person who does the most copying from this recycling tray gets, say, a cinema pass, or lottery ticket, or some other sort of reward.

Nicole: Ah, right! Now that’s a system which might just work. Let’s trial it in the office and see what happens.

SECTION 4

You will hear a lecturer discussing techniques for removing carbon dioxide from the atmosphere.

We all know about the role of carbon dioxide in causing global warming. Obviously, society needs to reduce the release of carbon dioxide, otherwise known as CO2. This gas comes from the burning of fossil fuels, such as coal and oil. and it is virtually impossible for society to prevent, or even limit such activity. Our need for energy and power is just too great. Instead, a more practical idea is to collect the carbon dioxide from the burning process, for example, directly from the chimneys of power stations, and somehow prevent this gas from being released into the environment. To do that, you need to store it somehow, and that has to be essentially forever.

It is perhaps for this reason that main believe that, rather than storing the carbon dioxide as a gas, it is better to react it with metal oxides, such as magnesium or calcium, which results in the formation of a hard carbonate material. The gas is, in effect, turned into a stable and unreactive solid, which can simply he dumped anywhere. This process actually occurs naturally, although very very slowly, and is one cause of the surface limestone in the world. But this slow reaction speed is the problem. Even when enhancing this process through high temperature and pressure, or pre-treatment of the mineral, it is still far too slow to be economical.

One other technique which has been suggested is to pump the gas lo the bottom of the ocean, where it would react with compounds in the seawater, forming carbonic acid. However, this alternative has now been ruled out. The CO2 may be removed from the atmosphere, but the high oceanic acidity which would result raises its own set of problems, mostly with all the delicate life and the intricate food chains in the seawater, some on which we ourselves depend -- and that's something which no one wants to experiment with.

Perhaps because of the lack of alternatives, the most commonly discussed solution to the problem of disposing of carbon dioxide is to pump the gas underground - a technique known as ‘geosequestration’. In this system, the CO2, for example, could be pumped into underground pockets within depleted oil wells, or disused coal tunnels. This carries, however, three serious disadvantages, namely: the risk of leaks, the considerable costs involved, and finally, the unproven effectiveness. Let us look at those three disadvantages in detail.

Firstly, there is the risk of leaks. Although the gas would be deep and sealed over by masses of rock and earth, the huge pressures in these spaces would turn the gas into a liquid stale, capable of moving through rock fissures or faults. This could allow the gas to eventually be released to the surface. Since CO2 is heavier than air, and thus pushes oxygen aside, such leaks could result in the suffocation of thousands, or tens of thousands of people — certainly not a consequence to be taken lightly. Natural CO2 leakage from volcanic build-up has already witnessed such deadly events.

The other problem of geosequestration is the cost. The time and effort spent on materials and construction, primarily the pipework through which the gas would travel, does not come cheaply. So, if this system were to be implemented in, say, coal-tired power plants, the extra cost would have to be paid by the electricity user, whose bills would almost double as a consequence. Few people are prepared to pay this much simply to make a small dent on the effects of global warming. And this leads to the final problem.

The most basic question is whether geosequestration actually reduces global warming. The problem here is that the energy needed to create and drive the sequestration process would require approximately a quarter of a coal-fired electricity plant's output. In other words, the plant would have to burn one quarter more of its coal just to account for the sequestration of the carbon dioxide, and with coal producing other noxious pollutants, such as sulphur, ash, and heavy metals, the environment is hardly benefited at all. Nevertheless, there are many active experimental efforts underway, primarily in oil production sites. These are small but intensively monitored and analysed. All we can say now is that the jury is still out on whether underground carbon storage will one day be feasible.

NEW

IELTS Recent Mock Tests Volume 6

Part 1: Question 1 - 10

Part 2: Question 11 - 20

Part 3: Question 21 - 30

Part 4: Question 31 - 40

Questions 1-6

Name of new tenant: Anders (EXAMPLE)

Questions 7-10

Issues to Discuss

Questions 11-17

Questions 18-20

Questions 21-25

Questions 26-30

Procedure to Reduce Copying Waste

Questions 31-33

Questions 34-40

Three Problems of Geosequestration

SECTION 1

SECTION 2

SECTION 3

SECTION 4

Comments:

About us

Our mission

IELTS Recent Mock Tests Volume 6

Part 1: Question 1 - 10

Part 2: Question 11 - 20

Part 3: Question 21 - 30

Part 4: Question 31 - 40

Share your score

Questions 1-6

Name of new tenant: Anders (EXAMPLE)

Questions 7-10

Issues to Discuss

Questions 11-17

Questions 18-20

Questions 21-25

Questions 26-30

Procedure to Reduce Copying Waste

Questions 31-33

Questions 34-40

Three Problems of Geosequestration

SECTION 1

SECTION 2

SECTION 3

SECTION 4

Comments:

About us

Our mission