IELTS Recent Mock Tests Volume 6
- Published on: 15 Nov 2018
- Tests taken: 2,553,688
Answer Keys:
Part 1: Question 1 - 14
- 1 D
- 2 B
- 3 F
- 4 C
- 5 A
- 6 E
- 7 D
- 8 G
- 9 F
- 10 C
- 11 B
- 12 D
- 13 E
- 14 A
Part 2: Question 15 - 27
- 15 NOT GIVEN
- 16 FALSE
- 17 TRUE
- 18 FALSE
- 19 a detailed map
- 20 the teeth/teeth of skeletons
- 21 9000 years old
- 22 injuries
- 23 strenuous
- 24 protein
- 25 hunting
- 26 cows
- 27 transitional
Part 3: Question 28 - 40
- 28 vi
- 29 vii
- 30 i
- 31 v
- 32 viii
- 33 A
- 34 D
- 35 C
- 36 D
- 37 E
- 38 A
- 39 C
- 40 F
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| 4 | ilyass eljirari |
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| 8 | hidayatul ikhwan |
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Review & Explanations:
Questions 1-5
Look at the following events (Questions 1-5) and the list of dates below.
Match each event with the correct date, A-F.
| List of Dates | |
| A | 1550 |
| B | 1799 |
| C | 1803 |
| D | 1840 |
| E | 1949 |
| F | 1973 |
Write the correct letter, A-F, in boxes 1-5 on your answer sheet.
1 Vehicles with refrigerator were used to transport on the road.
2 Ice was sold around the United States for the first time.
3 Some kind of chemical refrigerant was found harmful to the atmosphere.
4 The term ‘refrigerator’ was firstly introduced.
5 Some chemicals were added to refrigerate wine.
- 1 Answer: D
Keywords in Questions
Similar words in Passage
Q1: Vehicles with refrigerator were used to transport on the road.
Since 1840, cars with the refrigerating system had been utilised to deliver and distribute milk and butter
Note: Considering every details in the question and in the 1st line of paragraph 6, we can conclude that Q1 is confirmed in the passage. Hence, For that reason, the answer is D (1840)
- 2 Answer: B
Keywords in Questions
Similar words in Passage
Q2: Ice was sold around the United States for the first time.
In 1799s as a commercial product, ice was first transported out of Canal Street in New York City to Charleston, South Carolina.
Note: Considering every detail in the question and in paragraph 3 – line 5 from the passage, we can conclude that Q2 is confirmed in the passage.
For that reason, the answer is B (1799)
- 3 Answer: F
Keywords in Questions
Similar words in Passage
Q3: Some kind of chemical refrigerant was found harmful to the atmosphere.
Freon was safer for the people in the vicinity, but in 1973 it was discovered to have detrimental effects on the ozone layer
Note
You can easily find out that paragraph 7 mentions about many chemicals such as CFCs, Gases,… which had detrimental effects to the ozone layer.
Considering everything, the answer is F (1973)
- 4 Answer: C
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Similar words in Passage
Q4: The term ‘refrigerator’ was firstly introduced
The term ‘refrigerator’ was first introduced by a Maryland farmer Thomas Moore in 1803, but it is in the 20th century that the appliance we know today first appeared
Note:
After skimming and scanning, you can realize that the main idea of paragraph 1 is about the introduction of refrigeration. Keep on reading. Then, move your eyes to the last line of this paragraph so you can find out the year that matches the given information in the Question
For that reason, the answer is C (1803)
- 5 Answer: A
Keywords in Questions
Similar words in Passage
Q5: Some chemicals were added to refrigerate wine.
In 1550 when this technique was first recorded, people used it to cool wine, as was the term ‘to refrigerate’
Note: Considering every details in the question and in the passage, we can conclude that Q5 is confirmed in the passage.
For that reason, the answer is A (1550)
Questions 6-10
Look at the following opinions or deeds (Questions 6-10) and the list of people below.
Match each opinion or deed with the correct person, A-G.
| List of People | |
| A | Thomas Moore |
| B | Frederick Tudor |
| C | Carl Von Linde |
| D | Nathaniel Wyeth |
| E | J.B. Sutherland |
| F | Fred Jones |
| G | Parker Earle |
Write the correct letter, A-G, in boxes 6-10 on your answer sheet.
6 patented the idia that refrigerating system can be installed on tramcars
7 invented an ice-cutting technical method that could save money and time
8 enabled the cold storage technology to be applied in fruit
9 invented a colling device applied into the trucking industry
10 created a new technique to liquefy the air
- 6 Answer: E
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Similar words in Passage
Q6: _____patented the idea that refrigerating system can be installed on tramcars
In 1867, refrigerated, railroad cars are patented to J.B, Sutherland from Detroit, Michigan, who invented insulated cars by installing the ice bunkers at the end of the cars: air came in from the top, passed through the bunkers, circulated through the cars by gravity and controlled by different quantities of hanging flaps which caused different air temperatures
Note
The content of Q6 is confirmed in line 4 paragraph 6. For that reason, E J.B. Sutherland is the answer
- 7 Answer: D
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Q7: _____invented an ice-cutting technical method that could save money and time
Wyeth invented an economical and speedy method to cut the ice into uniform blocks, which had a tremendous positive influence on the ice industry.
Note
The content of Q7 is similar to what the author said in the passage. For that reason, D Nathaniel Wyeth is the answer.
- 8 Answer: G
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Q8. _____enabled the cold storage technology to be applied in fruit
In 1867, the first refrigerated car to carry fresh fruit was manufactured by Parker Earle of Illinois, who shipped strawberries on the Illinois Central Railroad. Each chest was freighted with 100 pounds of ice and 200 quarts of strawberries
Note
The answer for this question can be found in paragraph 6 (line 8)
The author mentions that ice (similar to ‘cold storage’) was applied to store fresh fruit (strawberries) by Parker Earle
For that reason, G Parker Earle is the answer.
- 9 Answer: F
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Q9. _____invented a cooling device applied into the trucking industry.
Until 1949, the trucking industry began to be equipped with the refrigeration system with a roof-mounted cooling device, invented by Fred Jones.
Note
The answer for this question can be found in 2 last line of paragraph 6
After reading these sentences, you can realize that a roof-mounted cooling device was invented by Fred Jones in trucking industry. For that reason, the answer is F Fred Jones
- 10 Answer: C
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Similar words in Passage
Q10. _____created a new technique to liquefy the air
Linde later created a new method (‘Linde technique') for liquefying large amounts of air in 1894
Note
‘For liquefying… air’ is another way to express ‘to liquefy the air’
According to the passage (paragraph 5, 4 last lines, in 1876, Carl Von Linde abandoned the methyl ether system and began using ammonia cycle. Finally, he came up with the idea of creating a new method for liquefying large amount of air in 1894).
For that reason, the answer is C Carl Von Linde
Questions 11-14
Complete each sentence with the correct ending, A-E, below.
| A | new developments, such as the application of Hydrofluorocarbons. |
| B | consumers ’ demand for fresh food, especially for vegetables. |
| C | the discovery of chlorofluorocarbons (Freon). |
| D | regional transportation system for refrigeration for a long distance. |
| E | extensive spread of the refrigeration method. |
Write the correct letter, A-E, in boxes 11-14 on your answer sheet.
11 A healthy dietary change between 1830 and the American Civil War was greatly associated with
12 The development of urbanisation was likely to cause
13 Problems due to water treatment contributed to
14 The risk of the environmental devastation from the refrigeration led to
- 11 Answer: B
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Q11. A healthy dietary change between 1830 and the American Civil War was greatly associated with_____
Consumers’ soaring requirement for fresh food, especially for green vegetables, resulted in reform in people’s dieting habits between 1830 and the American Civil War, accelerated by a drastic expansion of the urban areas arid the rapid amelioration in an economy of the populace.
Note
To answer this question, you should pay attention to ‘ting ting’ words (‘ting ting’ words are proper nouns, statistics, and synonyms).
In this question, ‘ting ting’ words are 1830 (statistic) and American Civil War (proper noun). By finding these ‘ting ting’ words, you can easily locate the needed information to answer this Question.
The answer for this question can be found in four first lines of paragraph 3
Considering everything, the answer is B. consumers’ demand for fresh food, especially for vegetables.
- 12 Answer: D
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Q12. The development of urbanisation was likely to cause_____
With the growth of the cities and towns, the distance between the consumer and the source of food was enlarged
Note
After skimming and scanning for many Questions above, you should write the main idea of each paragraph in the margin by your own language. By doing this, you’ve got the main idea of each paragraph. Thanks to this, the answer for the question can easily be found.
The main idea of paragraph 3 is about the demand for ice became strong because of requirement for fresh food and the growth of cities and towns (which led to the larger distance between the consumer and the source of food)
‘The development of urbanization’ is another way to describe ‘the growth of the cites and towns’
Therefore, the answer is D. regional transportation system for refrigeration for a long distance.
- 13 Answer: E
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Q13
Problems due to water treatment contributed to_____
To make it worse, by the 1890s water pollution and sewage dumping made clean ice even more unavailable. The adverse effect first appeared in the blowing industry, and then seriously spread to such sectors as meat packing and dairy industries. As a result, the clean, mechanical refrigeration was considerately in need.
Note
According to paragraph 4, water pollution became worse. As a result, it led to the serious spread of mechanical refrigeration
Therefore, the answer is E. extensive spread of the refrigeration method.
- 14 Answer: A
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Q14
The risk of the environmental devastation from the refrigeration led to_____
From the late 1800s to 1929, the refrigerators employed toxic gases - methyl chloride, ammonia, and sulfur dioxide - as refrigerants. But in the 1920s, a great number of lethal accidents took place due to the leakage of methyl chloride out of refrigerators. Therefore, some American companies started to seek some secure methods of refrigeration. Frigidaire detected a new class of synthetic, refrigerants called halocarbons or CFCs (chlorofluorocarbons) in 1928. This research led to the discovery of chlorofluorocarbons (Freon), which quickly became the prevailing material in compressor refrigerators. Freon was safer for the people in the vicinity, but in 1973 it was discovered to have detrimental effects on the ozone layer. After that, new improvements were made, and Hydrofluorocarbons, with no known harmful effects, was used in the cooling system. Simultaneously, nowadays, Chlorofluorocarbons (CFS) are no longer used; they are announced illegal in several places, making the refrigeration far safer than before.
Note
According to paragraph 7:
From 1800s to 1929, the refrigerators employed toxic gases. In the 1920s, many accidents happened due to the leakage of methyl chloride. In 1928, a new synthetic called CFCs was found. This lead to the discovery of Freon. Freon was safer for the people in the vincity, but in 1973 it was discovered to have detrimental effects on the ozone layer.
American companies seeked for some secure methods of refrigeration. Finally, new improvements were made, Hydrofluorocarbons – no harmful effects to use in the cooling system. Hydrofluorocarbons make the refrigeration far safer than before
Therefore, the answer is A. new developments, such as the application of Hydrofluorocarbons.
READING PASSAGE 1
You should spend about 20 minutes on Questions 1-14, which are based on Reading Passage 1 below.
History of Refrigeration
Refrigeration is a process of removing heat, which means cooling an area or a substance below the environmental temperature. Mechanical refrigeration makes use of (he evaporation of a liquid refrigerant, which goes through a cycle so that it can be reused. The main cycles include vapour-compression, absorption steam-jet or steam-ejector, and airing. The term ‘refrigerator’ was first introduced by a Maryland farmer Thomas Moore in 1803, but it is in the 20th century that the appliance we know today first appeared
People used to find various ways to preserve their food before the advent of mechanical refrigeration systems. Some preferred using cooling systems of ice or snow, which meant that diets would have consisted of very little fresh food or fruits and vegetables, but mostly of bread, cheese and salted meals. For milk and cheeses, it was very difficult to keep them fresh, so such foods were usually stored in a cellar or window box. In spite of those measures, they could not survive rapid spoilage. Later on, people discovered that adding such chemical as sodium nitrate or potassium nitrate to water could lead to a lower temperature. In 1550 when this technique was first recorded, people used it to cool wine, as was the term ‘to refrigerate’. Cooling drinks grew very popular in Europe by 1600, particularly in Spain, France, and Italy. Instead of cooling water at night, people used a new technique: rotating long-necked bottles of water which held dissolved saltpeter. The solution was intended to create very low temperatures and even to make ice. By the end of the 17th century, iced drink including frozen juices and liquors tad become extremely fashionable in France.
People’s demand for ice soon became strong. Consumers’ soaring requirement for fresh food, especially for green vegetables, resulted in reform in people’s dieting habits between 1830 and the American Civil War, accelerated by a drastic expansion of the urban areas arid the rapid amelioration in an economy of the populace. With the growth of the cities and towns, he distance between the consumer and the source of food was enlarged. In 1799s as a commercial product, ice was first transported out of Canal Street in New York City to Charleston, South Carolina. Unfortunately, this transportation was not successful because when the ship reached the destination, little ice left. Frederick Tudor and Nathaniel Wyeth, two New England’ businessmen, grasped the great potential opportunities for ice business and managed to improve the storage method of ice in the process of shipment. The acknowledged ‘Ice King’ in that time, Tudor concentrated his efforts on bringing he ice to the tropica1 areas. In order to achieve his goal and guarantee the ice to arrive at the destination safely he tried many insulating materials in an experiment and successfully constructed the ice containers, which reduce the ice loss from 66 per cent to less than 8 per cent at drastically. Wyeth invented an economical and speedy method to cut the ice into uniform blocks, which had a tremendous positive influence on the ice industry. Also, he improved the processing techniques for storing, transporting and distributing ice with less waste.
When people realised that the ice transported from the distance was not as clean as previously thought and gradually caused many health problems, it was more demanding to seek the clean natural sources of ice. To make it worse, by the 1890s water pollution and sewage dumping made clean ice even more unavailable. The adverse effect first appeared in the blowing industry, and then seriously spread to such sectors as meat packing and dairy industries. As a result, the clean, mechanical refrigeration was considerately in need.
Many inventors with creative ideas took part in the process of inventing refrigeration, and each version was built on the previous discoveries. Dr William Cullen initiated to study the evaporation of liquid under the vacuum conditions in 1720. He soon invented the first man-made refrigerator at the University of Glasgow in 1748 with the employment of ethyl ether boiling into a partial vacuum. American inventor Oliver Evans designed the refrigerator firstly using vapour rather than liquid in 1805. Although his conception was not put into practice in the end the mechanism was adopted by an American physician John Gorrie, who made one cooling machine similar to Evans' in 1842 with the purpose of reducing the temperature of the patient with yellow fever in a Florida hospital. Until 1851, Evans obtained the first patent for mechanical refrigeration in the USA. In 1820, Michael Faraday, a Londoner, first liquefied ammonia to cause cooling. In 1859, Ferdinand Carre from France invented the first version of the ammonia water cooling machine. In 1873, Carl von Linde designed the first practical and portable compressor refrigerator in Munich, and in 1876 he abandoned the methyl ether system and began using ammonia cycle. Linde later created a new method (‘Linde technique') for liquefying large amounts of air in 1894. Nearly a decade later, this mechanical refrigerating method was adopted subsequently by he meat packing industry in Chicago.
Since 1840, cars with the refrigerating system had been utilised to deliver and distribute milk and butter. Until 1860, most seafood and dairy products were transported with cold-chain logistics. In 1867, refrigerated, railroad cars are patented to J.B, Sutherland from Detroit, Michigan, who invented insulated cars by installing the ice bunkers at the end of the cars: air came in from the top, passed through the bunkers, circulated through the cars by gravity and controlled by different quantities of hanging flaps which caused different air temperatures. Depending on the cargo (such as meat, fruits etc.) transported by the cars, different car designs came into existence. In 1867, the first refrigerated car to carry fresh fruit was manufactured by Parker Earle of Illinois, who shipped strawberries on the Illinois Central Railroad. Each chest was freighted with 100 pounds of ice and 200 quarts of strawberries. Until 1949, the trucking industry began to be equipped with the refrigeration system with a roof-mounted cooling device, invented by Fred Jones.
From the late 1800s to 1929, the refrigerators employed toxic gases - methyl chloride, ammonia, and sulfur dioxide - as refrigerants. But in the 1920s, a great number of lethal accidents took place due to the leakage of methyl chloride out of refrigerators. Therefore, some American companies started to seek some secure methods of refrigeration. Frigidaire detected a new class of synthetic, refrigerants called halocarbons or CFCs (chlorofluorocarbons) in 1928. this research led to the discovery of chlorofluorocarbons (Freon), which quickly became the prevailing material in compressor refrigerators. Freon was safer for the people in the vicinity, but in 1973 it was discovered to have detrimental effects on the ozone layer. After that, new improvements were made, and Hydrofluorocarbons, with no known harmful effects, was used in the cooling system. Simultaneously, nowadays, Chlorofluorocarbons (CFS) are no longer used; they are announced illegal in several places, making the refrigeration far safer than before.
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