1. 人物替换词：

   • man -> individual / person / human being
   • people -> individuals / population / populace
   • children -> youngsters / kids / juveniles

2. 时间替换词：

   • now -> currently / at present / nowadays
   • in the past -> formerly / previously / previously

3. 增减比较替换词：

   • increase -> rise / growth / surge
   • decrease -> decline / reduction / drop
   • more -> greater / higher
   • less -> fewer / lower
   • many -> numerous / a large number of
   • few -> a small number of / scarce

4. 原因与结果替换词：

   • cause -> reason / factor / motive
   • because -> due to / owing to / as a result of
   • result -> outcome / consequence / effect

5. 相似与差异替换词：

   • similar -> alike / comparable / corresponding
   • different -> distinct / diverse / varied

6. 意见与态度替换词：

   • agree -> concur / share the same view
   • disagree -> have a different opinion / hold a contrasting view
   • support -> advocate / endorse / back up
   • oppose -> object / resist / refute

7. 难度与易度替换词：

   • difficult -> challenging / tough / demanding
   • easy -> simple / straightforward / effortless

8. 重要性替换词：

   • important -> significant / crucial / vital
   • unimportant -> insignificant / trivial / negligible

9. 影响替换词：

   • influence -> impact / effect / sway
   • affect -> contribute to / shape / influence

10. 表示变化的替换词：

• change -> transform / modify / alter

以上仅列举了一些常见的雅思阅读替换词，实际阅读材料中可能还有其他的替换词。在备考过程中，建议多阅读英文文章，注重词汇积累和语言感知能力的培养，同时注意观察和练习利用替换词来进行阅读理解和答题。