The reading passage has 7 paragraphs, A-G.

Which paragraph contains the following information?

Write the correct letter, A-G, in boxes 1-7 on your answer sheet.

1 ABCDEFG some of the disadvantages related to synaesthesia

2 ABCDEFG what scientists think about synaesthesia’s real-life usefulness

3 ABCDEFG a prediction for the future of synaesthesia

4 ABCDEFG an example of how grapheme-colour synaesthesia works

5 ABCDEFG a brief history of synaesthesia

6 ABCDEFG some of the various different types of synaesthesia

7 ABCDEFG information about a study that suggests synaesthetic symptoms aren’t arbitrary

• 1 Answer: D
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  Keywords in Question	Similar words in Passage
  Q1 Some of the disadvantages related to synaesthesia	Paragraph D Very few drawbacks have been described, usually minimal: for instance, some words might have an unpleasant taste (imagine the word “hello” tasting like spoilt milk), while some synaesthetes find it distressing when they encounter people with names which don’t reflect their personality (imagine meeting a very interesting person named “Lee”, when the letter E has a dull or hideous color for you-or vice versa).
  We have the word “disadvantages” which have the matching keywords found in Paragraph D “drawbacks” The answer is D

• 2 Answer: F
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  Keywords in Question	Similar words in Passage
  Q2 What scientists think about synaesthesia’s real-life usefulness	Paragraph F As it turns out, the benefits of teaching synaesthesia would be tremendous. According to research conducted by Dr Clare Jonas at the University of East London, teaching people to create grapheme-color associations the same way as a synesthete may have the possibility to improve cognitive function and memory. As she put it, ‘one possibility is guarding against cognitive decline in older people-using synaesthesia in the creation of mnemonics to remember things such as shopping lists.
  The keyword that we need to pay attention to find the corresponding paragraph is “usefulness”, which is the matching keyword of “benefits” in Paragraph F Other matching keywords/information are: scientists - Dr Clare Jonas real-life - teaching synaesthesia The answer is F

• 3 Answer: G
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  Keywords in Question	Similar words in Passage
  Q3 A prediction for the future of synaesthesia	Paragraph G There is obviously still a long way to go before we can fully understand synaesthesia and what causes it. Once we do, however, it might not be too long before we find out how to teach non-synesthetes how to imitate its symptoms in a way that induces the same benefits 4.4% of the world’s population currently enjoy.
  Paragraph G mentions the words “still a long way to go” which means that the problem has not been solved, setting the timeline to the future. So obviously, Paragraph G is referring to the teaching of synaesthesia in the future for everyone to enjoy, which is a prediction The answer is G

• 4 Answer: A
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  Keywords in Question	Similar words in Passage
  Q4 An example of how grapheme-color synaesthesia works	Paragraph A  There is, however, a trick: among those 5s, hiding in plain sight is a single, capital letter S. Almost the same in shape, it is impossible to spot without straining your eyes for a good few minutes. Unless that is, you are a grapheme – color synaesthesia – a person who sees each letter and number in different colors. With all the 5s painted in one color and the rogue S painted in another, a grapheme – color synaesthesia will usually only need a split second to identify the latter.
  Both the question and Paragraph A mention about grapheme-color synaesthesia, and also, most part of Paragraph A are giving an example toward how grapheme-color synesthesia operates The answer is A

• 5 Answer: C
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  Keywords in Question	Similar words in Passage
  Q5 A brief history of synaesthesia	Paragraph C Synaesthesia was first documented in the early 19th century by German physician Georg Sachs, who dedicated two pages of his dissertation on his own experience with the condition.
  The question are telling us to find out about the history of synaesthesia, so we need to look for information indicating the past or words related to time. Paragraph C is using words like documented which means “to record something in the past” or the words “in the early 19th century” which also means a period of time in the past The answer is C

• 6 Answer: B
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  Keywords in Question	Similar words in Passage
  Q6 Some of the various different types of synaesthesia	Paragraph B Some synaesthetes might even experience other people’s sensations, for example feeling pain in their chest when they witness a film character get shot. The possibilities are endless: even though synaesthesia is believed to affect less than 5% of the general population, at least 60 different combinations of senses have been reported so far.
  Through Paragraph B, we know that there are at least 60 different types of synaesthesia (which is the same as “combinations of senses) have been discovered The answer is B

• 7 Answer: E
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  Keywords in Question	Similar words in Passage
  Q7 Information about a study that suggests synaesthetic symptoms aren’t arbitrary	Paragraph E  This was particularly peculiar as synaesthesia is predominantly considered to be a hereditary condition, and the findings suggested that a synaesthete’s environment might play a determining role in establishing synaesthetic associations. If that was true, researchers asked, then might it not be possible that synaesthesia can actually be taught?
  The word “arbitrary” means that “based on random choice or personal whim, rather than any reason or system” (Oxford Language). Meanwhile, the keyword in Passage E, “hereditary” means that “determined by genetic factors and therefore able to be passed on from parents to their offspring or descendants” (Oxford Language). The question are giving us the idea that synaesthesia is not randomly happen on human but more like though hereditary (by genetic factors of the descendants) which can be passed on to younger generation The answer is E

Do the following statements agree with the information given in Reading Passage 1?

In boxes 8-11 on your answer sheet, write

8 TRUEFALSENOT GIVEN There are 60 different types of synaesthesia.

9 TRUEFALSENOT GIVEN Before Professor Simon Baron-Cohen’s research, synaesthesia was thought to be a myth.

10 TRUEFALSENOT GIVEN A lot of celebrities are affected by synaesthesia.

11 TRUEFALSENOT GIVEN Most scientists believe that synaesthesia runs in families.

• 8 Answer: FALSE
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  Q8 There are 60 different types of synaesthesia	Paragraph B The possibilities are endless: even though synaesthesia is believed to affect less than 5% of the general population, at least 60 different combinations of senses have been reported so far. What all these sensory associations have in common is that they are all involuntary and impossible to repress and that they usually remain quite stable over time.
  This question is tricky, many people may choose True when they see the same information in Paragraph B. But, the word “There are” in the question is an affirmation for the information “60 different types” (exactly 60) while the word “at least” is not exactly 60 types (it can be 58 or 59 or 60), The information is there, but it is not correct The answer is False

• 9 Answer: NOT GIVEN
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  Keywords in Question	Similar words in Passage
  Q9 Before Professor Simon Baron-Cohen’s research, synaesthesia was thought to be a myth.	Paragraph C Synaesthesia was first documented in the early 19th century by German physician Georg Sachs, who dedicated two pages of his dissertation on his own experience with the condition. It wasn’t, however, until the mid-1990s that empirical research proved its existence when Professor Simon Baron-Cohen and his colleagues used fMRls on six synaesthetes and discovered that the parts of the brain associated with vision were active during auditory stimulation, even though the subjects were blindfolded.
  In the first part of Paragraph C, it is mentioned that synaesthesia was documented by Georg Sachs, so knowledge about synaesthesia was widely known thanks to Georg Sachs, not Simon Baron-Cohen, and it was no longer a myth but more like a fact So the answer is Not Given

• 10 Answer: NOT GIVEN
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  Q10 A lot of celebrities are affected by synaesthesia	Paragraph D Overall, however, synaesthesia is widely considered more of a blessing than a curse and it is often linked to intelligence and creativity, with celebrities such as Lady Gaga and Pharrell Williams claiming to have it.
  In the question, it is stated that many celebrities are affected by synaesthesia, but in Paragraph D, the writer just gives us examples of 2 celebrities, so we don’t know if there are many of those who are affected by synaesthesia. Also, the words “affected” is just unknown, we cannot define if the effects of synaesthesia are either good or bad So the answer is Not Given

• 11 Answer: TRUE
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  Keywords in Question	Similar words in Passage
  Q11 Most scientists believe that synaesthesia runs in families	Paragraph E  This was particularly peculiar as synaesthesia is predominantly considered to be a hereditary condition, and the findings suggested that a synaesthete’s environment might play a determining role in establishing synaesthetic associations. If that was true, researchers asked, then might it not be possible that synaesthesia can actually be taught?
  The question mentions the keywords “runs in families”, which is synonymous to the word “hereditary”  So the answer is True