From the list of course titles below, choose the most suitable title for Courses A-E.

Write the correct number, i-ix, in boxes 15-19 on your answer sheet.

NB: There are more titles than you will need.

15 iiiiiiivvviviiviiiix Course A

16 iiiiiiivvviviiviiiix Course B

17 iiiiiiivvviviiviiiix Course C

18 iiiiiiivvviviiviiiix Course D

19 iiiiiiivvviviiviiiix Course E

• 15 Answer: vii
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  Q15: Course A	If you have no previous experience with computers, or you have some gaps in your knowledge of the basics, then this is an appropriate course for you. This course will give you a thorough grounding in the fundamental concepts of computing common to all computers.
  Note: As mentioned in course A, if you have no previous experience with computers, then this is an appropriate course for you, we can conclude that this course is introductory computer skills. Therefore, the answer for Q15 is heading vii.

• 16 Answer: iv
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  Q16: Course B	This course will look at ways to revitalize the customer contact skills you already have and add many more. Learn ways to improve your communication with customers, at all levels, techniques to use with difficult customers, how to confidently handle complaints and keep your cool in stressful situations.
  Note: As mentioned in course B, “learn ways to improve your communication with customers, at all levels, techniques to use with difficult customers, how to confidently handle complaints and keep your cool in stressful situations”, we can conclude that this course is about customer services. Therefore, the answer for Q16 is heading iv.

• 17 Answer: viii
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  Q17: Course C	Everything you need to know before purchasing or starting a coffee shop, tearoom or small restaurant. A useful course for all aspiring owners, managers and employees of these small businesses to assist them in ensuring they don't make expensive mistakes and that their customers return again and again.
  Note: As mentioned in course C, “everything you need to know before purchasing or starting a coffee shop, tearoom or small restaurant. A useful course for all aspiring owners, managers and employees of these small businesses”, we can conclude that this course is about Restaurant Management for Beginners. Therefore, the answer for Q17 is heading viii.

• 18 Answer: iii
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  Q18: Course D	This course covers three areas of business communication: Interpersonal Communication Telephone Skills Business Writing Skills An excellent course for those entering or returning to the workforce.
  Note: As mentioned in course D, “this course covers three areas of business communication” and “an excellent course for those entering or returning to the workforce”, we can conclude that this course is about Effective Workplace Communication. Therefore, the answer for Q18 is heading iii.

• 19 Answer: ii
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  Q19: Course E	Are you hating work, wanting a different job, needing a change or wanting a promotion? Come along to a new two-day program for women.
  Note: As mentioned in course E, “Are you hating work, wanting a different job, needing a change or wanting a promotion? Come along to a new two-day program for women”, we can conclude that this course is about Making Career Changes for Women. Therefore, the answer for Q19 is heading ii.

Classify the following events as occurring

Write the appropriate letter, A, B, C or D, in boxes 28-32 on your answer sheet.

28 ABCD Sundback’s zipper
29 ABCD the development of nylon
30 ABCD the development of velcro
31 ABCD the development of the first typewriter-like machine
32 ABCD the first appearance of Sholes’s typewriter

• 28 Answer: C
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  Q28: Sundback’s zipper	In 1893 the world's first zipper was produced in Chicago. Twenty years later a Swedish-born engineer called Sundback solved the problem.
  Note: The keywords concerned in this question are zipper and Sunback. As mentioned in the text, “in 1893 the world's first zipper was produced”, and “twenty years later a Swedish-born engineer called Sundback solved the problem”, we can know that the events occurred in the first half of the twentieth century. Therefore, the answer for Q28 is C.

• 29 Answer: C
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  Q29: the development of nylon	Nylon is a very tough synthetic fibre first developed in the 1930s, and bearing a name to remind the hearer of the two places where it was developed: NY for New York and LON for London.
  Note: The keywords concerned in this question are development and nylon. As mentioned in the text, “nylon is a very tough synthetic fibre first developed in the 1930s”, we can know that the events occurred in the first half of the twentieth century. Therefore, the answer for Q29 is C.

• 30 Answer: D
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  Q30: the development of velcro	Meanwhile a new fastening agent made its appearance at the end of the twentieth century: velcro.
  Note: The keywords concerned in this question are development and velcro. As mentioned in the text, “a new fastening agent made its appearance at the end of the twentieth century: velcro”, we can know that the events occurred at the end of the twentieth century. Therefore, the answer for Q30 is D.

• 31 Answer: A
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  Q31: the development of the first typewriter-like machine	There had been patents for typewriter-like machines as early as 1714, when Queen Anne of England granted a patent to a man called Henry Mill for a machine which would make marks on paper 'so neat and exact as not to be distinguished from print'.
  Note: The keywords concerned in this question are development and first typewriter-like machine. As mentioned in the text, “there had been patents for typewriter-like machines as early as 1714”, we can know that the events occurred before the nineteenth century. Therefore, the answer for Q31 is A.

• 32 Answer: B
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  Q32: the first appearance of Sholes’s typewriter	In the 1860's a newspaper editor called Christopher Sholes lived in Milwaukee, USA. Sholes invented the first of the modern typewriters
  Note: The keywords concerned in this question are first appearance and Sholes’s typewriter. As mentioned in the text, “in the 1860's a newspaper editor called Christopher Sholes invented the first of the modern typewriters”, we can know that the events occurred during the nineteenth century. Therefore, the answer for Q32 is B.

Do the following statements agree with the information in the passage?

33 TRUEFALSENOT GIVEN The first zipper though reliable was unpopular as a fastener.

34 TRUEFALSENOT GIVEN The clothing industry welcomed the new zip fasteners because they easily weighed down lightweight material.

35 TRUEFALSENOT GIVEN The nylon zipper lost a significant portion of its market share to the new fastening agent.

36 TRUEFALSENOT GIVEN Typewriter-like machines began to be mass produced after they were patented.

37 TRUEFALSENOT GIVEN Frequently used letters were positioned away from each other on the typewriter to reduce the typist’s speed.

• 33 Answer: FALSE
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  Q33: The first zipper though reliable was unpopular as a fastener.	Although the inventor claimed that it was a reliable fastening device for clothing, this was not the case. The Chicago zipper sprang open without warning, or jammed shut, and it swiftly lost popularity.
  Note: The keywords concerned in this question are first zipper, unpopular and fastener. As mentioned in the text, “although the inventor claimed that it was a reliable fastening device for clothing, this was not the case. The Chicago zipper sprang open without warning, or jammed shut, and it swiftly lost popularity, we can conclude that the answer for Q33 is FALSE.

• 34 Answer: FALSE
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  Q34: The clothing industry welcomed the new zip fasteners because they easily weighed down lightweight material.	The fashion industry liked the new zippers far better because they did not distort the line of the garment or weigh down light fabrics.
  Note: The keywords concerned in this question are clothing industry, welcome new zip fasteners and lightweight material. It is mentioned in the text that “the fashion industry liked the new zippers far better because they did NOT weigh down light fabrics”. We should notice “fashion industry” and “clothing industry” are interchangeable; “liked the new zippers far better” is paraphrased as “welcome the new zip fasteners”; “light fabrics” is equivalent to “lightweight material”. Therefore, the answer for Q34 is FALSE.

• 35 Answer: TRUE
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  Q35: The nylon zipper lost a significant portion of its market share to the new fastening agent.	Velcro is used on clothing, luggage and footwear. It is quick and easy to fasten and unfasten, and has taken a large part of the zipper's share of the market.
  Note: The keywords concerned in this question are nylon zipper, lost portion of market share, and new fastening agent. As mentioned in the text, “Velcro has taken a large part of the zipper's share of the market”, we can infer that the nylon zipper lost a significant portion of its market share to Velcro. Therefore, the answer for Q35 is TRUE.

• 36 Answer: NOT GIVEN
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  Q36: Typewriter-like machines began to be mass produced after they were patented.

  Note: There is no relevant information in the text indicating that typewriter-like machines began to be mass produced after they were patented. Therefore, the answer for Q36 is NOT GIVEN.

• 37 Answer: TRUE
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  Q37: Frequently used letters were positioned away from each other on the typewriter to reduce the typist’s speed.	Sholes therefore set about finding ways to slow the typist down. He looked for the letters which were most often used in English, and then placed them far away from each other. For instance, q and u, which are almost always used together in English, are separated by five intervening letters. The plan worked, and the typist was slowed down a little.
  Note: The keywords concerned in this question are frequently used letters, positioned away from each other, and reduce typist’s speed. It is mentioned in the text that “Sholes looked for the letters which were most often used in English, and then placed them far away from each other”; “the plan worked, and the typist was slowed down a little”. We should notice “place” and “position” are interchangeable in this case; “the typist was slowed down a little” is similar to “reduce the typist’s speed”. Therefore, the answer for Q37 is TRUE.