The text on the next page has seven sections, A-G.

Choose the correct heading for each section from the list of headings below.

Write the correct number, i-x, in boxes 15-21 on your answer sheet.

15 iiiiiiivvviviiviiiixx Section A

16 iiiiiiivvviviiviiiixx Section B

17 iiiiiiivvviviiviiiixx Section C

18 iiiiiiivvviviiviiiixx Section D

19 iiiiiiivvviviiviiiixx Section E

20 iiiiiiivvviviiviiiixx Section F

21 iiiiiiivvviviiviiiixx Section G

• 15 Answer: iv
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  Q15: __ Section A iv A limited appeal		After all, an ancient drinking chalice rarely excites the attention of all but the most dedicated history buff or expert.
  Note The information in the passage indicates that the ancient drinking chalice is only found attractive by “most dedicated history buff or expert”, which shows the limited appeal of it. For that reason, we can conclude that the answer for Q15 is iv.

• 16 Answer: vi
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  Q16: __ Section B vi An amazing transformation		Lit from in front, the relief depicted on the cup glows green. Backlit, the cup glows red. This light-induced color change is all the more remarkable given the cup's rather bland-looking exterior which holds no clue as to its concealed secret.
  Note The information in the passage proves that the cup changes when the light is different, which creates an amazing transformation mentioned in the answer. Therefore, the answer is vi.

• 17 Answer: vii
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  Q17: __ Section C vii No coincidence		The particles themselves had been deliberately ground down into nanoparticles, each particle being 50 nanometers in diameter, or equivalent to one thousandth the size of a grain of salt! Moreover, the exact proportions of materials had been included in order to create the illusion of changing color.
  Note The author emphasizes in the passage that people who make the cup have the intention to create the illusion, not coincidently. Instead, they deliberately execute the exact steps with exact materials so that the changing color effect can be seen. All things concerned; the answer is vii.

• 18 Answer: i
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  Q18: __ Section D i Ahead of their time		It is humbling to realize that Roman artisans living in 400 AD were putting nanotechnology to practical use when scientists today are still exploring this relatively 'new' field.
  Note The passage indicates that nanotechnology is being explored by scientist nowadays is used by artisans in 400 AD, which seems to be very modern at that time. For that reason; the answer is i.

• 19 Answer: ii
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  Q19: __ Section E ii The role played by the observer		The particles themselves had been deliberately ground down into nanoparticles, each particle being the color actually perceived depends on where the viewer is stationed at the time.
  Note The information in passage E shows that the station of the viewer as well as observer is the thing that determines the color of the cup, it describes the role played by the observer when they are viewing the cup. Therefore, the answer is ii.

• 20 Answer: ix
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  Q20: __ Section F ix A hypothesis proven		It was engineer Gang Logan Liu, of the University of Illinois, who correctly suspected though, that in Roman times, the illusion was primarily affected not through change in lighting or observer position but by the addition of different liquids to the drinking cup. By adding a variety of liquids to a recreation of the cup interior, his original hunch was confirmed.
  Note The passage includes information about the hypothesis made by engineer Gang Logan Liu. Then by some experiment, his hypothesis was proven to be true, which describes the idea in answer ix. As a result, the is no doubt that the answer is ix.

• 21 Answer: iii
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  Q21: __ Section G iii Hidden potential		Liu's experiment most importantly may have a huge impact in the diagnoses of disease. Addition of fluids such as saliva and urine to nano-sized receptacles based on the original Lycurgus cup could reveal the presence of pathogens. Moreover, the same laboratory-manufactured receptacles could detect the presence of biohazards at security checkpoints and hence thwart terrorist attacks.
  Note The yellow highlighted words are the potential uses of Liu’s experiment in the fields of medicine and hindrance of terrorism. All things concerned; the answer is iii.

Look at the following descriptions and the list of terms in the box below.

Match each description with the correct term, A-E.

Write the appropriate letter, A-E, in boxes 24-28 on your answer sheet.

List of Descriptions

24 ABCDE A reciprocal relationship between the leader and employees is encouraged, to the benefit of all concerned.

25 ABCDE A two-way relationship between the leader and employees is harshly discouraged.

26 ABCDE Employees are constantly monitored and encouraged to realise goals in a positive way.

27 ABCDE Employees receive positive or negative reinforcement on the basis of their performance.

28 ABCDE Leaders are notably absent in the workplace, relying on worker autonomy to get the job done.

• 24 Answer: C
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  Q24: ___ A reciprocal relationship between the leader and employees is encouraged, to the benefit of all concerned.		This style of leadership has the effect of boosting employee morale since employees are free to make contributions to the decision-making process, which in turn makes them feel valued by the company concerned. Since the leadership-employee role is more interactive than in other forms of leadership, changes within a company are more readily accepted by employees since they play a role in the process.
  Note The highlighted words show that participative leadership encourages the contribution of both employees and the leader. Hence, they can both be benefited as their contribution is valued. Therefore, the answer for Q24 is C.

• 25 Answer: B
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  Q25: ___ A two-way relationship between the leader and employees is harshly discouraged.		It is deemed unacceptable to challenge the leader's decisions.
  Note The keywords emphasize that the employees are not allowed and encouraged to wonder or try to fix the decisions of the leader. therefore, it is not a two-way relationship between leader and employers. For that reason, the answer is B.

• 26 Answer: E
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  Q26: ___ Employees are constantly monitored and encouraged to realize goals in a positive way.	Managers who adopt this type of leadership role maintain a high visibility and open communication with employees, acting as motivators and enhancing productivity to meet goals.
  Note The approach of transformational leadership is very positive and supportive. The leader in this scenario works as a motivator to guide their employees until the goals are realized and attained. Therefore, the answer for Q26 is E.

• 27 Answer: D
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  Q27: ___ Employees receive positive or negative reinforcement on the basis of their performance.	A system of rewards and punishments is set up by team managers to ensure tasks are satisfactorily completed.
  Note “A system of rewards and punishments” is the replacement for “positive or negative reinforcement” in the answer. Employees receive those based on their performance to make sure they have completed the tasks satisfactorily in transactional leadership. As a result, the answer is D.

• 28 Answer: A
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  Q28: ___ Leaders are notably absent in the workplace, relying on worker autonomy to get the job done.	A laissez-faire leader does not directly supervise employees and does not set great store by regular feedback to those under his supervision.
  Note In the laissez-faire leadership style, the direct supervision from the leader is absent, it is a clear proof that leaders are not present in the workplace. Therefore, it is easy to realize that the answer is A.