Reading passage 2 has seven paragraphs, A–G

Choose the correct heading for each paragraph from the list of heading below.

Write the correct number, i-viii, in boxes 14-20 on your answer sheet.

14 iiiiiiivvviviiviii Paragraph A

15 iiiiiiivvviviiviii Paragraph B

16 iiiiiiivvviviiviii Paragraph C

17 iiiiiiivvviviiviii Paragraph D

18 iiiiiiivvviviiviii Paragraph E

19 iiiiiiivvviviiviii Paragraph F

20 iiiiiiivvviviiviii Paragraph G

• 14 Answer: v
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  Keywords in Question	Similar words in Passage
  Q14: Drives or pressures motivate companies to address CSR	Nowadays, governments and companies need to account for the social consequences of their actions. As a result, corporate social responsibility (CSR) has become a priority for business leaders around the world. When a well-run business applies its vast resources and expertise to social problems that it understands and in which it has a stake, it can have a greater impact than any other organization.
  The first paragraph mainly mentions about the reason (or drives/ pressures stated in the question) why companies address CSR, and it turns out to be the social consequences of their actions (found in the paragraph). Therefore, the answer is v.

   

• 15 Answer: viii
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  Q15: Reasons that business and society benefit each other	To advance CSR, we must root it in a broad understanding of the interrelationship between a corporation and society.
  The first or the last sentence usually contains the main idea of the whole paragraph, and this notion is applied  in this paragraph.  By skimming over the first sentence with the synonyms of the question’s keywords listed above, we could easily confirm that the answer is viii.

   

• 16 Answer: vi
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  Q16: The past illustrates business are responsible for future outcomes	No longer can companies be content to monitor only the obvious social impacts of today. Without a careful process for identifying evolving social effects of tomorrow, firms may risk their very survival.
  The paragraph states that the past would determine the future outcomes as companies would risk their survival if they do not prepare a careful process for identifying the social effects of tomorrow in the past. Therefore, the answer must be vi.

   

• 17 Answer: vii
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  Q17: Companies applying CSR should be selective	No business can solve all of society’s problems or bear the cost of doing so. Instead, each company must select issues that intersect with its particular business
  The question statement is confirmed in the first sentence as it states that each company should select the particular issues (should be selective) because no business can solve all of society problems (if they want to apply CSR). Therefore, the answer must be vii.

   

• 18 Answer: iii
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  Q18: A CSR initiative without a financial gain	No matter how beneficial the program is, it remains incidental to the company’s business, and the direct effect on GE’s recruiting and retention is modest.
  It could be inferred from the last sentence of this paragraph that the GE’s program is a failure one since the benefit this program brings to the company is minor and modest (or no financial gain). Therefore, the answer must be iii.

   

• 19 Answer: i
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  Q19: How CSR may help one business to expand	Microsoft has achieved results that have benefited many communities while having a direct - and potentially significant - impact on the company.
  It could be inferred from the last sentence of this paragraph that Microsoft can expand by applying CSR. Hence, the answer must be i.

   

• 20 Answer: ii
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  Q20: CSR in many aspects of a company’s business	In short, nearly every aspect of the company’s value chain reinforces the social dimensions of its value proposition, distinguishing Whole Foods from its competitors.
  The last sentence of paragraph G acts as a summary of listed ideas about CSR in many aspects of a company’s business( here we have Whole Foods as an example). By scanning the whole paragraph, you could see that CSR appears in the company’s sourcing, stores, how they use renewable wind energy, how they handle spoiled products,etc. Therefore, the answer must be ii.

   

Look at the following opinions or deeds (Questions 23-26) and the list of companies below.

Match each opinion or deed with the correct company, A, B or C.

Write the correct letter, A, B or C in boxes 23-26 on your answer sheet.

NB You may use any letter more than once 

23 ABC The disposable waste

24 ABC The way company purchases as goods

25 ABC Helping the undeveloped

26 ABC Ensuring the people have the latest information

• 23 Answer: C
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  Q23: The disposable waste	Spoiled produce and biodegradable waste are trucked to regional centers for composting.
  We found the paraphrased phrase of the question’s keywords in the last paragraph and it all focus on Whole Food Market. Therefore the answer must be C.

   

• 24 Answer: C
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  Q24: The way company purchases as goods	The company’s sourcing emphasises purchases from local farmers through each store’s procurement process. Buyers screen out foods containing any of nearly 100 common ingredients that the company considers unhealthy or environmentally damaging. The same standards apply to products made internally.
  We found the paraphrased phrase of the question’s keywords in the last paragraph and it all focus on Whole Food Market. Therefore the answer must be C.

   

• 25 Answer: A
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  Q25: Helping the undeveloped	A good example is General Electronics’s program to adopt underperforming public high schools near several of its major U.S. facilities.
  We found the paraphrased phrase of the question’s keywords in paragraph E and it all focus on General Electronics. Therefore the answer must be A.

   

• 26 Answer: B
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  Q26: Ensuring the people have the latest information	IT curricula are not standardized, technology used in classrooms is often outdated, and there are no systematic professional development programs to keep faculty up to date. Microsoft’s $50 million five-year initiative was aimed at all three problems
  Let’s take a look at paragraph F.   The first half of this paragraph mentioned some problems including the lack of professional development programs to keep faculty (the people) up to date (have the latest information) and one of Microsoft’s aims is to make sure that the faculty is kept up to date. In addition, Microsoft is the only company among the three mentioned in the passage relating to information and technology field. With all these clues, we can assume that the answer is option B (Microsoft).

   

Complete the summary using the list of word, A-J, below 

Write the correct letter, A-J, in boxes 31-35 on your answer sheet.

• 31 Answer: I
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  Q31. It was often recorded that bilingual children acquire the ______ to converse in the majority language remarkable quickly.	Many people marvel at how quickly bilingual children seem to “pick up” conversational skills in the majority language at school (although it takes much longer for them to catch up with native speakers in academic language skills).
  The answer must be a Noun. The missing word is something which bilingual children acquire to converse in the majority language quickly. Therefore, we just find the noun standing near the verb acquire or its synonym. The noun skills is what we find in this case. Next, we will look back in the given table and find its synonym and ability is the one we are looking for. The answer must be I.

   

• 32 Answer: D
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  Q32. The fact that the mother tongue can disappear at a similar ______  is less well understood.	Many people marvel at how quickly bilingual children seem to “pick up” conversational skills in the majority language at school (although it takes much longer for them to catch up with native speakers in academic language skills). However, educators are often much less aware of how quickly children can lose their ability to use their mother tongue, even in the home context.
  The answer must be a Noun. Here we see the phrase how quickly is repeated twice in the two consecutive sentences, so it could be inferred that bilingual children can acquire conversational skills in the major language at school as quickly as how they could lose their ability to use their mother tongue. So we could use similar rate in the question statement. Therefore, the answer is D.

   

• 33 Answer: J
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  Q33. This phenomenon depends, to a certain extent, on the proposition of people with the same linguistic background that have settled in a particular _____.	The extent and rapidity of language loss will vary according to the concentration of families from a particular linguistic group in the neighborhood.
  The answer must be a Noun. By using keyword technique, we could easily locate the answer is the paraphrase of the word neighborhood. Here we have particular area could be regarded as neighborhood. So the answer must be J.

   

• 34 Answer: F
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  Q34. If this is limited, children are likely to lose the active use of their mother tongue. And thus no longer employ it even with ____, although they may still understand it.	They may retain receptive skills in the language but they will use the majority language, in speaking with their peers and siblings and in responding to their parents.
  The answer must be a Noun to whom the children would use majority language to speak. Hence, peers, siblings and parents are the potential answer. By looking back to the given table, we found the option F. Family could be regarded as siblings and parents. So the answer must be F.

   

• 35 Answer: C
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  Q35. It follows that teenager children in these circumstances experience a sense of _____  in relation to all aspects of their lives.	Pupils frequently become alienated from the cultures of both home and school with predictable results.
  The answer must be a Noun. By using keyword technique, we could easily locate the answer is the paraphrase of the word alienated. Since a sense of dislocation could be regarded as alienated, the answer must be C.

   

Do the following statements agree with the information given in Reading Passage 3?

In boxes 36-40 on your answer sheet, write

36 YESNONOT GIVEN  Less than half of the children who attend kindergarten in Toronto have English as their mother tongue.

37 YESNONOT GIVEN  Research proves that learning the host country language at school can have an adverse effect on a child’s mother tongue.

38 YESNONOT GIVEN  The Foyer program is accepted by the French education system.

39 YESNONOT GIVEN  Bilingual children are taught to tell the time earlier than monolingual children.

40 YESNONOT GIVEN  Bilingual children can apply reading comprehension strategies acquired in one language when reading in the other.

• 36 Answer: YES
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  Q36: Less than half of the children who attend kindergarten in Toronto have English as their mother tongue.	To illustrate, in the city of Toronto in Canada, 58% of kindergarten pupils come from homes where English is not the usual language of communication.
  This question is a little tricky since 58% means more than half. But if we take a closer look at the whole sentence, it states that 58% is the percentage of kindergarten children do not use English as their mother tongue. In another words, 42% is the percentage of the children do use English as their mother tongue. The answer is Yes.

   

• 37 Answer: NO
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  Q37: Research proves that learning the host country language at school can have an adverse effect on a child’s mother tongue.	Research suggests that bilingual children may also develop more flexibility in their thinking as a result of processing information through two different languages.
  The question statement contradicts with the idea found in the paragraph. Here it could be acknowledged that learning the host country language at school does not have an adverse effect on a child’s mother tongue, instead, bilingual children can develop more flexibility in their thinking as a result of processing information through two different languages. Therefore, the answer must be No.

   

• 38 Answer: NOT GIVEN
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  Q38: The Foyer program is accepted by the French education system.	Within Europe, the Foyer program in Belgium, which develops children’s speaking and literacy abilities in three languages (their mother tongue, Dutch and French), most clearly illustrates the benefits of bilingual and trilingual education (see Cummins, 2000).
  Obviously, we must use scanning skill in this question. The keyword we must search for is the Foyer program. After locating the keyword and reading the whole sentence, the question statement is not confirmed in the text since it only mentions the Foyer program in Belgium, we don’t have enough information to know whether the Foyer program is accepted or not by the French education system. Therefore, the answer must be Not Given.

   

• 39 Answer: NOT GIVEN
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  Q39: Bilingual children are taught to tell the time earlier than monolingual children.	Pupils who know how to tell the time in their mother tongue understand the concept of telling time. In order to tell time in the majority language, they do not need to re-learn the concept.
  The text found in the passage just states that bilingual children don’t need to relearn the concept of telling the time in the majority language if they have already acquired this ability in their mother tongue, and we could not find any information relating to the statement in the question that bilingual children are taught to tell the time earlier than monolingual children. The answer must be Not Given.

   

• 40 Answer: YES
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  Q40:  Bilingual children can apply reading comprehension strategies acquired in one language when reading in the other.	In order to tell time in the majority language, they do not need to re-learn the concept. Similarly, at more advanced stages, there, is transfer across languages in other skills such as knowing how to distinguish the main idea from the supporting details of a written passage or story, and distinguishing fact from opinion.
  By locating the synonyms of the keywords highlighted above, we can easily confirm that the question statement is true, thus the correct answer for this question is Yes.