Complete the following flow charts.

Choose the appropriate consequence from the list in the box below for each action.

Write the appropriate letter, A, B, C or D, in boxes 18-22 on your answer sheet.

You may use any consequence more than once.

• 18 Answer: D
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  Q18: Student frequently fails to complete homework expelled from the program may lose student status with US Immigration and Naturalisation Service receives advice and counselling may be put on academic probation	Attendance and Academic Progress … Students who do not meet these standards may be placed on academic probation. Students placed on academic probation will meet with their teacher(s) and with either or both the Associate Director and International Student Advisor. Students will be informed in writing of the terms and length of their probation.
  Note After skimming accordingly, the possible answers for Q18 and Q19 can be found in passage which mentions Attendance and Academic Progress. There are some synonyms among the passage, the question and the given answers. Considering every details in Q18 and Q19 and in the passage, we can conclude that the answer of Q18 is D

• 19 Answer: C
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  Q19: Student frequently fails to complete homework expelled from the program may lose student status with US Immigration and Naturalisation Service receives advice and counselling may be put on academic probation	Attendance and Academic Progress … Students who do not meet these standards may be placed on academic probation. Students placed on academic probation will meet with their teacher(s) and with either or both the Associate Director and International Student Advisor. Students will be informed in writing of the terms and length of their probation.
  Note After skimming accordingly, the possible answers for Q18 and Q19 can be found in passage which mentions Attendance and Academic Progress. There are some synonyms among the passage, the question and the given answers. Considering every details in Q18 and Q19 and in the passage, we can conclude that the answer of Q19 is C.

• 20 Answer: A
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  Q20: Student does not respond to written notification of probation expelled from the program may lose student status with US Immigration and Naturalisation Service receives advice and counselling may be put on academic probation	Attendance and Academic Progress … Students who have 30 hours of absences are in danger of being placed on academic probation. Students failing to meet the terms of their probation will be terminated from the LCC for the remainder of the semester. This will also likely result in loss of student status with the US Immigration and Naturalisation Service.
  Note After skimming accordingly, the possible answers for Q20 and Q21 can be found in passage which mentions Attendance and Academic Progress. There are some synonyms among the passage, the question and the given answers. Considering every details in Q20 and Q21 and in the passage, we can conclude that the answer of Q20 is A

• 21 Answer: B
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  Q21: Student does not respond to written notification of probation expelled from the program may lose student status with US Immigration and Naturalisation Service receives advice and counselling may be put on academic probation	Attendance and Academic Progress … Students who have 30 hours of absences are in danger of being placed on academic probation. Students failing to meet the terms of their probation will be terminated from the LCC for the remainder of the semester. This will also likely result in loss of student status with the US Immigration and Naturalisation Service.
  Note After skimming accordingly, the possible answers for Q20 and Q21 can be found in passage which mentions Attendance and Academic Progress. There are some synonyms among the passage, the question and the given answers. Considering every details in Q20 and Q21 and in the passage, we can conclude that the answer of Q21 is B.

• 22 Answer: A
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  Q22: Student is absent for 50 hours expelled from the program may lose student status with US Immigration and Naturalisation Service receives advice and counselling may be put on academic probation	Attendance and Academic Progress … Students who have 50 hours of absences will not receive a Certificate of Successful Completion and will be terminated from the program.
  Note After skimming accordingly, the possible answer for Q22 can be found in passage which mentions Attendance and Academic Progress. There are some synonyms among the passage, the question and the given answers. Considering every details in Q22 and in the passage, we can conclude that the answer of Q22 is A.

Do the following statements agree with the information in the text?

23 TRUEFALSENOT GIVEN Care must be taken in terms of the type of cleaning product used on classroom equipment.

24 TRUEFALSENOT GIVEN Dispensing receptacles in washrooms are topped up as necessary.

25 TRUEFALSENOT GIVEN Janitorial staff are required to diagnose and fix minor problems.

26 TRUEFALSENOT GIVEN Outdoor play areas are not used in winter.

27 TRUEFALSENOT GIVEN Recycling bins are emptied on a weekly basis.

• 23 Answer: TRUE
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  Q23: Care must be taken in terms of the type of cleaning product used on classroom equipment.	General repairs Janitors take care of minor repairs in the school. These include fixing school and office furniture, repairing clogged drains and toilets, replacing tight bulbs and tubes; and troubleshooting. It is the responsibility of the caretaker to ensure classroom equipment, such as ceiling mounted projectors, is in good working order. Managers are to be notified in a timely manner of any major repairs that need to be undertaken.
  Note After skimming, there is evidence in paragraph which mentions “General repairs”. There are some synonyms among the passage and the question which have been highlighted in the same colors. Understanding the idea of Q23, we can conclude that the answer is YES.

• 24 Answer: TRUE
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  Q24: Dispensing receptacles in washrooms are topped up as necessary.	Dispensers are refilled with toilet paper, liquid soap and paper towels.
  Note After skimming, we can see that there a sentence in the passage has the same meaning as the statement in question 24. For that reason, the answer is TRUE.

• 25 Answer: TRUE
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  Q25: Janitorial staff are required to diagnose and fix minor problems.	The purpose of this policy is to outline the duties and responsibilities of janitorial staff.
  Note After skimming, there is evidence in the first line of the text. There are some synonyms among the passage and the question. For that reason, the answer is YES.

• 26 Answer: NOT GIVEN
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  Q26: Outdoor play areas are not used in winter.
  Note After skimming, there is no clue. For that reason, the answer is NOT GIVEN.

• 27 Answer: FALSE
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  Q27: Recycling bins are emptied on a weekly basis.	Waste Materials … Four bins are also strategically placed on school grounds - two for general waste and the other two for recyclable materials, namely cans and bottles, and paper. These are checked on a daily basis and emptied accordingly.
  Note After skimming, there is evidence in the paragraph which mentions “Waste Materials”. There are some synonyms among the passage and the question. However, while the passage mentions “these bins are emptied on a daily basis”, the statement of the question Q27 is to indicate ““these bins are emptied on a weekly basis”. For that reason, the answer is NO.

The reading passage has nine paragraphs, A-I.

Which paragraph contains the following information?

Write the appropriate letter, A-I, in boxes 28-35 on your answer sheet.

28 ABCDEFGHI Women and Japanese companies

29 ABCDEFGHI Why men sometimes resign from Japanese companies

30 ABCDEFGHI Permanency in employment in Japan

31 ABCDEFGHI Recruiting season: who, when and where?

32 ABCDEFGHI The social aspect of work

33 ABCDEFGHI The salary structure

34 ABCDEFGHI The recruitment strategy of foreign firms

35 ABCDEFGHI How new employees are used in a company

• 28 Answer: E
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  Q28: Women and Japanese companies	E Many female graduates complain that they are not given equal training and equal opportunity in comparison to male graduates. Japanese companies generally believe that female employees will eventually leave to get married and have children. Many women themselves still believe that nothing should stand in the way of child-rearing. It is also true that the extended hours of work often do not allow women to continue their careers after marriage.
  Note After skimming accordingly, the possible answer for Q28 can be found in passage E. There are some synonyms among the passage and the question. For that reason, the answer is E.

• 29 Answer: G
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  Q29: Why men sometimes resign from Japanese companies	G Some men, however, do leave their companies in spite of future prospects, one reason being to take over the family business. The eldest sons in families that own family companies or businesses such as stores, are normally expected to take over the business when their parents retire
  Note After skimming accordingly, the possible answer for Q29 can be found in passage G. There are some synonyms among the passage and the question. For that reason, the answer is G.

• 30 Answer: B
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  Q30: Permanency in employment in Japan	B In Japan, lifetime employment is commonly practised by large companies. While people working in small companies and those working for sub-contractors do not in general enjoy the advantages conferred by the large companies, there is a general expectation that employees will in fact remain more or less permanently in the same job.
  Note After skimming accordingly, the possible answer for Q30 can be found in passage B. There are some synonyms among the passage and the question. For that reason, the answer is B.

• 31 Answer: A
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  Q31: Recruiting season: who, when and where?	A Every autumn, when recruitment of new graduates and school leavers begins, major cities in Japan are flooded with students hunting for a job. Wearing suits for the first time, they run from one interview to another. The season is crucial for many students, as their whole life course can be determined during this period.
  Note After skimming accordingly, the possible answer for Q31 can be found in passage A. There are some synonyms among the passage and the question. For that reason, the answer is A.

• 32 Answer: H
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  Q32: The social aspect of work	H On the job, working relationships tend to be very close because of the long hours of work and years of service in common. Social life in fact is frequently based on the workplace. Restaurants and nomi-ya, 'pubs’, are always crowded at night with people enjoying an evening out with their colleagues. Many companies organise trips and sports days for their employees. Senior staff often play the role of mentor. This may mean becoming involved in the lives of junior staff in such areas as marriage and the children's education.
  Note After skimming accordingly, the possible answer for Q32 can be found in passage H. There are some synonyms among the passage and the question. For that reason, the answer is H.

• 33 Answer: D
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  Q33: The salary structure	D Because of this system of training employees to be all-rounders, mobility between companies is low. Wages are set according to educational background or initial field of employment, with ordinary graduates being employed in administration, engineers in engineering and design departments and so on. Both promotions and wage increases tend to be tied to seniority, though some differences may arise later on as a result of ability and business performance. Wages are paid monthly, and the net sum, after the deduction of tax, is usually paid directly into a bank account. As well as salary, a bonus is usually paid twice a year. This is a custom that dates back to the time when employers gave special allowances so that employees could properly celebrate bon, a Buddhist festival held in mid-July in Tokyo, but on other dates in other regions. The festival is held to appease the souls of ancestors. The second bonus is distributed at New Year. Recently, bonuses have also been offered as a way of allowing workers a share in the profits that their hard work has gained.
  Note After skimming accordingly, the possible answer for Q33 can be found in passage D. There are some synonyms among the passage and the question. For that reason, the answer is D.

• 34 Answer: F
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  Q34: The recruitment strategy of foreign firms	F Disappointed career-minded female graduates often opt to work for international companies. Since most male graduates prefer to join Japanese firms with their guaranteed security, international firms are often keen to employ female graduates as their potential tends to be greater than that of male applicants.
  Note After skimming accordingly, the possible answer for Q34 can be found in passage F. There are some synonyms among the passage and the question. For that reason, the answer is F.

• 35 Answer: C
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  Q35: How new employees are used in a company	C Unlike in many Western countries where companies employ people whose skills can be effective immediately, Japanese companies select applicants with potential who can be trained to become suitable employees. For this reason, recruiting employees is an important exercise for companies, as they invest a lot of time and money in training new staff. This is basically true both for factory workers and for professionals. Professionals who have studied subjects which are of immediate use in the workplace, such as industrial engineers, are very often placed in factories and transferred from one section to another. By gaining experience in several different areas and by working in close contact with workers, the engineers are believed, in the long run, to become more effective members of the company. Workers too feel more involved by working with professionals and by being allowed to voice their opinions. Loyalty is believed to be cultivated in this type of egalitarian working environment.
  Note After skimming accordingly, the possible answer for Q35 can be found in passage C. There are some synonyms among the passage and the question. For that reason, the answer is C.

Do the following statements agree with the information in the reading passage?

36 YESNONOT GIVEN Japanese companies nurture their workers in return for loyalty.
37 YESNONOT GIVEN It is not common for Japanese businessmen to change their profession in their working life.
38 YESNONOT GIVEN The mentoring programs set up in Japanese companies are very successful.

• 36 Answer: YES
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  Q36: Japanese companies nurture their workers in return for loyalty.	C … By gaining experience in several different areas and by working in close contact with workers, the engineers are believed, in the long run, to become more effective members of the company. Workers too feel more involved by working with professionals and by being allowed to voice their opinions. Loyalty is believed to be cultivated in this type of egalitarian working environment.
  Note After skimming, there is evidence in paragraph C. There are some synonyms among the passage and the question. For that reason, the answer is YES.

• 37 Answer: NO
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  Q37: It is not common for Japanese businessmen to change their profession in their working life.	G …It is therefore quite common to see a businessman, on succeeding to his parents' business, completely change his professional direction by becoming, for example, a shopkeeper.
  Note After skimming, there is evidence in paragraph G. There are some synonyms among the passage and the question. However, the statement contradicts the views of the writer. For that reason, the answer is NO.

• 38 Answer: NOT GIVEN
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  Q38: The mentoring programs set up in Japanese companies are very successful.
  Note After skimming, there is no evidence for the Q38. For that reason, the answer is NOT GIVEN.