Choose the title which best fits each course and write the number i to ix in boxes 21-25 on your answer sheet. Note: there are more titles than you will need.

Course A:        21 iiiiiiivvviviiviiiix

Course B:        22 iiiiiiivvviviiviiiix

Course C:        23 iiiiiiivvviviiviiiix

Course D:        24 iiiiiiivvviviiviiiix

Course E:        25 iiiiiiivvviviiviiiix

• 21 Answer: vii
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  Keywords in Questions	Similar words in Passage
  Q21: Course A:	If you have no previous experience with computers, or you have some gaps in your knowledge of the basics, then this is an appropriate course for you. This course will give you a thorough grounding in the fundamental concepts of computing common to all computers. [...] By the completion of the course you will be productive at a basic level and competent to progress to the elementary level of any of the specialised programs.
  Note: After quickly reading the first sentence of the course A paragraph, we should notice keyword “computer” showed up for the first time and we know this course is going to provide computing knowledge for learners. Among the given titles, there are two headings that might fit with the paragraph’s content: (v) Advanced computing skills or (vii) Introductory computer skills. We might see that the learners of this course are those having no experience with computer thus it should deliver introductory skills for them. The answer is VII. If you still confuse, there are two approaches to find out the correct answer: continue reading the second sentence or the last one, both can help you come to the conclusion. In the second sentence, we see “fundamental concepts of computing common to all computers” which is obviously not the advanced skills at all. Thus the answer is VII. In the last sentence, those words “basic level” and “elementary level” also make it clear to confirm VII is the correct answer.

• 22 Answer: iv
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  Q22: Course B:	In dealing with your customers you are in a position of great importance. [...] Most importantly, you will learn to build goodwill and trust with your customers.
  Note The statement of “EXCEPTIONAL CUSTOMER SERVICE” summarizes the main idea of the paragraph. As you can see from the first and the last sentences, this course would teach people how to improve their customer service skills. Therefore, you can match B with IV. There is a saying that can draw your attention: “the company’s bottom line” which literally means that the line at the bottom of a financial report which shows the net profit or loss of a company. In this situation, the author wants to point out that your abilities to deal with customer play a vital role in making the company’s profitable.

• 23 Answer: viii
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  Q23: Course C:	A useful course for all aspiring owners, managers, and employees of these small businesses to assist them in ensuring they don’t make expensive mistakes and that their customers return again and again…
  Note By looking at the first sentence, we realize that among those given heading, the answer is likely to be “I: Managing expansion in your restaurant” or “VIII: Restaurant management for non-managers”. Running eyes over the following sentence, it was said that "aspiring" owners, managers etc.. If someone is aspiring to be owner / manager, that means they are currently non-owners and non-manager The final answer is viii.

• 24 Answer: iii
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  Q24: Course D:	This course covers three areas of business communication : Interpersonal Communication Telephone Skills Business Writing Skills [...] An excellent course for those entering or returning to the workforce.
  Note Among the given headings, we have to consider 03 headings “III: Effective workplace communication”; “VI: Communicating effectively” and “IX: Business writing course” to match with the main idea of the course D. The statement IX particularly mentioned to only one area of this course, thus it is not the answer. Briefly looking at the whole paragraph, there are a few notable words such as “workplace documents”; “within and external to the workplace”; “workforce”. Therefore, course D matches heading III

• 25 Answer: ii
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  Q25: Course E:	Are you hating work, wanting a different job, needing a change or wanting a promotion? Come along to a new two day program for women.
  Note: We see those words “hating work, different job, a change, a promotion” in the first sentence and the keyword “women” in the second sentence of the course description. Those words and phrases clearly talk about a course for women to change their career. The answer is “II: MAKING CAREER CHANGES FOR WOMEN” In case you lack time for skimming but have done with those above matching headings, you can make inferences by exclusion, there are only one reasonable statement left for course E: “II:making career changes for women”.

From the information about the courses, answer Questions 26 – 30 by writing the appropriate LETTER OR LETTERS A-E in boxes 26-30 on your answer sheet.

26 ABCDE Which course is not specifically related to people’s jobs?

27 ABCDE In which course are men not invited to participate?

28 ABCDE Which course has course notes and lunch to go with them?

29 ABCDE Which course will deal with writing skills?

30 ABCDE Which course is on at night?

• 26 Answer: A
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  Q26: Which course is not specifically related to people’s jobs?	Course B: In dealing with your customers you are in a position of great importance. Course C:  a useful course for all aspiring owners, managers, and employees of these small businesses. Course D: An excellent course for those entering or returning to the workforce. Course E: Are you hating work, wanting a different job, needing a change or wanting a promotion?
  Note: Course A provides computing skills for people who have basic knowledge of computer no matter what they do and no previous computer skills assumed. Course B is suitable for those who are in the position of customer service officers. Course C  is for restaurant managers while course D may be for the unemployed and junior staff. In addition, Course E is for women wanted to make career changes. Therefore, A is the final answer.

• 27 Answer: E
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  Q27: In which course are men not invited to participate?	Come along to a new two day program for women.
  Note: Men are not invited to participate in course E “Making career changes for women”. In general, all other 04 courses did not discriminate the gender of participants and we can understand that appropriate learners regardless of their sex can join those courses.  However, course E specifically pointed out its attendants should only be women. With this reason, we can make sure that E is the answer.

• 28 Answer: B
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  Q28:  Which courses has course notes  and lunch to go with them?	Course B: Course notes, lunch and refreshments provided.
  Note: By scanning, we can locate information of “course notes” in the end of paragraphs B . Meanwhile, other training courses did not indicate whether any references were available during the course. B is the correct answer.

• 29 Answer: D
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  Q29 Which course will deal with writing skills?	This course covers three areas of business communication : Interpersonal Communication Telephone Skills Business Writing Skills
  Note: According to the article, course D covers 3 areas of business and one of them was “Business Writing Skills” which can help participants write workplace documents in simple and apparent English. You can quickly write down D as the final answer.

• 30 Answer: D
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  Q30: Which course is on at night?	25021 Wed 3 May-21 June 7.00-9.00 pm
  Note: All 05 courses clearly indicated different information of course fee and timetable. Looking at numbers only, we found out that only course D is available at night, from 7:00 to 9:00 p.m while other programs end at 5 p.m or sooner. Therefore, the correct answer is D.

From the information in the reading passage, classify the following events as occurring:

Write the appropriate letters A-D in boxes 32-37 on your answer sheet.

32 ABCD Sundback’s zipper

33 ABCD the development of nylon

34 ABCD the development of velcro 

35 ABCD the development of the first typewriter-like machine

36 ABCD The first appearance of Sholes’ typewriter

37 ABCD the development of the voice-activated computer

• 32 Answer: C
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  Q32: Sundback’s zipper	In 1893 the world’s first zipper was produced in Chicago. [....]  Twenty years later a Swedish-born engineer called Sundback solved the problem.
  Note: We can easily locate the keyword “zipper” highlighted in bold in the first paragraph. Pay attention that the question asked about the zipper which was invented by Sundback but not about the world’s first one. According to the article, 20 years after the first zipper produced in 1893, engineer Sundback made some improvement on the zipper’s teeth so that it became more firmly and reliably. It means that Sundback’s zipper was first produced in 1913, or in other words in the first half of the twentieth century. The answer is C.

• 33 Answer: C
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  Q33: the development of nylon	Nylon is a very tough synthetic fibre first developed in the 1930s,
  Note: As we can see, the same word can exist in several different forms. For example, the word “developed” which is used as a verb in the article had been changed into a noun “development” in the question. Thus a good knowledge of the different forms of words is absolutely necessary for IELTS. From the information in the reading passage, nylon was first developed in the 1930s. The event of nylon production must be classified to occur in the first half of the twentieth century, C is the final answer.

• 34 Answer: D
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  Q34: the development of velcro	Meanwhile a new fastening agent made its appearance at the end of the twentieth century: velcro. Velcro is another product made from nylon.
  Note: By scanning, we locate the keyword “velcro” at the beginning of the paragraph right above the bold sub-title The Typewriter and the Keyboard. But to make sure, we have to run eyes over the previous paragraphs to see where this keyword showed up the first time. According to the first sentence of the 3rd paragraph in The Zipper section, a fastening agent created velcro at the end of the 20th century, the answer firmly is D.

• 35 Answer: A
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  Q35: the development of the first typewriter-like machine Q36: the first appearance of Sholes’ typewriter	In the 1860’s a newspaper editor called Christopher Sholes lived in Milwaukee, USA. Sholes invented the first of the modern typewriters , although there had been patents for typewriter-like machines as early as 1714
  Note: By looking for keyword “typewriter”, we realize that the first sentence of the 2nd paragraph in The Typewriter and the Keyboard section contained information to answer both Q35 and Q36. The first typewriter-like machines were invented no later than 1714 - in the eighteenth century hence the answer for Q35 must be A with no doubt, before the 19th century. Until the 1860s, the modern typewriter was created by Sholes, so the answer for Q36 should be B.

• 36 Answer: B
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  Keywords in Questions	Similar words in Passage
  Q35: the development of the first typewriter-like machine Q36: the first appearance of Sholes’ typewriter	In the 1860’s a newspaper editor called Christopher Sholes lived in Milwaukee, USA. Sholes invented the first of the modern typewriters , although there had been patents for typewriter-like machines as early as 1714
  Note: By looking for keyword “typewriter”, we realize that the first sentence of the 2nd paragraph in The Typewriter and the Keyboard section contained information to answer both Q35 and Q36. The first typewriter-like machines were invented no later than 1714 - in the eighteenth century hence the answer for Q35 must be A with no doubt, before the 19th century. Until the 1860s, the modern typewriter was created by Sholes, so the answer for Q36 should be B.

• 37 Answer: D
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  Q37: the development of the voice-activated computer	the twenty-first century the voice-activated computer, already in an advanced state of development, is becoming more and more accessible.
  Note: At the end of the last paragraph, the keyword “voice-activated computer” is located. The article clearly indicated that the voice-activated computer has in an advanced state of development, hence it can be implied that people could have already developed the voice-activated computer at the end of the twentieth century. Among all given 4 choices, D should be chosen as the final answer.

Read the passage about Great Inventions and look at the statements below.

In boxes 38 – 42 on your answer sheet write

38 TRUEFALSENOT GIVEN The first zipper was successful as a fastener.

39 TRUEFALSENOT GIVEN Nylon was used a lot during the Second World War, 1939-1945.

40 TRUEFALSENOT GIVEN The first typewriter’s keyboard was different to the modern keyboard.

• 38 Answer: FALSE
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  Q38: The first zipper was successful as a fastener.	Velcro is used on clothing, luggage and footwear [...] It is also used in ways a zipper cannot be used – for instance as an easily changed fastening on plaster casts, and to hold furnishing fabrics in position.
  Note: A fastener is anything that is used to hold two or more pieces of materials together. The word “a fastener” in the question should be understood as “a velcro”. According to The Zipper section, the first zippers were made of metal which made them heavy and difficult to free if they got stuck. On the other hand, velcro is quick and easy to fasten and unfasten, this kind of fastener proves to be more useful than a zipper. With this reason, it can not be said that “The first zipper was successful as a fastener”, the statement is false.

• 39 Answer: NOT GIVEN
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  Keywords in Questions

  Q39: Nylon was used a lot during the Second World War, 1939-1945.

  Note:   All the information of nylon can only be found in The Zipper section. By using scan technique, we acknowledge that both keyword “Second World War” and numbers “1939 - 1945” were not mentioned in the whole section. To make sure, we could read for details but there is no information of using nylon during the 2nd World War. The answer is Not Given, of course.

• 40 Answer: TRUE
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  Q40: The first typewriter’s keyboard was different from the modern keyboard.	The keyboard of the modern typewriter is laid out in a most odd fashion.[...] Why would anyone place the letters on the left side of the top row of the keyboard in the order QWERTY? The answer is simple: to slow the typist down.[...] In the first models, the keys were set alphabetically.
  Note: The passage did not directly compare the similarity or difference between the first keyboard of a typewriter and the modern version. We have to draw a conclusion based on separated information given in the article. In the first sentence of the opening paragraph in The Typewriter and the Keyboard section, the author said that the modern typewriter's keyboard has the letters on the left in the order QWERTY - “a most odd fashion” the author thought. Continuing reading quickly, we found out that the first models had an alphabetical-order keyboard (the keyboard was in order ABCDE). With this reason, we can affirm the statement is True, the first typewriter’s keyboard was different from the modern keyboard.